Asslamo Allaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,
So far in lesson 4 you have learned two important concepts, namely:
Four (4) prepositions in Arabic which are as follows:
| On | Ala | عَلَىٰ |
| In | Fi | فِي |
| To | Ila | إِلَىٰ |
| From | Min | مِنْ |
Whenever a preposition comes in Arabic the next words takes a Kasrah (Zair) and the state of it is no longer called "Marfoo" but its called "Majroor"
اللهُ
Allahu is Marfoo because the last letter has Damma but when I want to say "To Allah" it becomes:
إِلَىٰ اللهِ
Al-Madinatu (The city of Madina) is Marfoo because the last letter has Damma but when I want to say "In the city of Madina" it becomes:
المَدينَةُ
فِي المَدينَةِ
Simple Past Tense:
| SIMPLE PAST TENSE AND ITS BREAKDOWN | |||||
| Person | Gender | Meaning | Subect or Doer or فَاعِل | Base Form | Verb or Fa'el or فِعْل |
| 3rd Person | Masculine | He did | "Assumed to be he but not physcially written" | فَعَلَ | فَعَلَ |
| They (2) did | ا | فَعَلَ + | فَعَلاَ | ||
| Those (3+) did | وْا | فَعَلَ + | فَعَلُوْا | ||
| Feminine | She did | "Assumed to be she but not physcially written" | فَعَلَ | فَعَلَتْ | |
| They (2) did | تَا | فَعَلَ + | فَعَلَتَا | ||
| Those (3+) did | نَ | فَعَلَ + | فَعَلْنَ | ||
| 2nd Person | Masculine | You did | تَ | فَعَلْ + | فَعَلْتَ |
| You (2) did | تُمَا | فَعَلْ + | فَعَلْتُمَا | ||
| You (3+) did | تُمْ | فَعَلْ + | فَعَلْتُمْ | ||
| Feminine | You did | تِ | فَعَلْ + | فَعَلْتِ | |
| You (2) did | تُمَا | فَعَلْ + | فَعَلْتُمَا | ||
| You (3+) did | تُنَّ | فَعَلْ + | فَعَلْتُنَّ | ||
| 1st Person | Masculine/Feminine | I did | تُ | فَعَلْ + | فَعَلْتُ |
| Masculine/Feminine | We did | نَا | فَعَلْ + | فَعَلْنَا | |
Part B of Lesson 4 brings it all together, please pay attention to the words in RED as to how they change from their default Marfoo position into Majroor and also look at the usage of و and translated it as "And"
الْمَدْرَسُ: مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟
مُحَمَّدٌ : أَنَا مِنَ الْيَابَانِ
الْمَدْرَسُ: وَمِنْ أَيْنَ عَمَّارٌ؟
مُحَمَّدٌ : هُوَ مِنَ الصِّيْنِ
الْمَدْرَسُ: وَمِنْ أَيْنَ حَامَدٌ؟
مُحَمَّدٌ : هُوَ مِنَ اَلْهِنْدِ
الْمَدْرَسُ: أَيْنَ عَبَّاسٌ؟
مُحَمَّدٌ : خَرَجَ
خَرَجَ is a verb and as you will recall from the table given above that the subject is NOT ATTACHED and it is assumed and implied in the 3rd person singular masculine form.
الْمَدْرَسُ: أَيْنَ ذَهَبَ؟
مُحَمَّدٌ : ذَهَبَ إِلَىٰ اَلْمُدِيرِ
ذَهَبَ is a verb and as you will recall from the table given above that the subject is NOT ATTACHED and it is assumed and implied in the 3rd person singular masculine form.
الْمَدْرَسُ: وَأَيْنَ ذَهَبَ عَلِيٌّ؟
ذَهَبَis a verb and it is shown that the subject can be added as a separate word and in the question above عَلِيٌّ is the subject. When the subject is added it is always "Marfoo"
مُحَمَّدٌ : ذَهَبَ إِلَىٰ اَلمِرْحَاضِ
Structure of Jumla Fai'lliya:
So far in the previous lessons you have learned Jumla Ismiyya (i.e. nominal sentences and the identity is that the sentence starts with a “Ism or a Noun”. In a two word simple sentence the two parts are:
- First word is مُبْتَدَأ (Mubtada) or subject or you can also call it the topic of the sentence. It is always Marfoo and always definite.
- Second word is خَبَر (Khabar) or predicate or you can also call it the topic of the comment. It is always Marfoo and usually indefinite.
A Jumla Fai'lliya is a "Verbal sentence" which starts with a Verb and the structure is ALWAYS:
- Verb
- Subject: This is always "Marfoo" i.e. will have Damma on the last letter
- Object: This is always "Mansoob" i.e. will have Fatha on the last letter
As soon as you see a Verb start looking for a subject. Arabic grammar books are filled with extensive and complex explanation for this rule but Shaykh (Maulana) Ashraf Ali Thanwi (RA) writes that instead of giving long and complex explainations to the student, give an example from the Qur’aan as the students will NOT make a mistake! So here it is:
قَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ
[2:251] ...Killed Dawud Jalut ...
In this verse:
- قَتَلَ is the verb "He Killed"
- دَاوُدُ is the subject i.e. Sayyidina Dawood (AS) who killed and note that the word is Marfoo
- جَالُوتَ is the object i.e. Jalut got killed and note that the word is Mansoob
So the issue of verbal sentence solved FOREVER by you knowing one verse of the Qur'aan
Homework 1:
- Write and translate the lesson given above
Homework 2:
- Write and answer the following exercise
مِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ؟
أَاَنْتَ مِنَ اَلْفِلبَّينِ ؟
مَنْ مِنَ الصِّيْنِ ؟
مَنْ means "Who" and مِنْ is a preposition which cause the next word to become Majroor!
مِنْ أَيْنَ حَامَدٌ؟
أَيْنَ ذَهَبَ عَبَّاسٌ؟
أَذَهَبَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَىٰ اَلْمُدِيرِ ؟
