Asslamo Allaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,
Please practise your detached pronouns using the hand drill seven (7) times.
| He | Huwa | هُو |
| Them (2 He) | Huma | هُمَا |
| They (3+ He) | Hum | هُم |
| She | Hiya | هِيَ |
| Them (2 She) | Huma | هُمَا |
| They (3+ She) | Hunna | هُنَّ |
| You (Male) | Anta | أنتَ |
| You (2, Male) | Antuma | أنتُمَا |
| You (3+ Male) | Antum | أنتُم |
| You (Female) | Anti | أنتِ |
| You (2, Female) | Antuma | أنتُمَا |
| You (3+, Female) | Antunna | أنتُنَّ |
| I | Anna | أنَا |
| We | Nahnu | نَحنُ |
Lesson:
Before proceeding! Know that you are not expected to memorise this lesson, rather we will Insha'Allah be repeating it many many times so the idea is CRYSTAL-CLEAR in your mind with the Taufeeq of Allah (SWT).
So far with the Taufeeq of Allah (SWT) you have learned that by default all words in Arabic are Marfoo and as soon as a preposition is inserted the state of the word changes to Majroor.
This lesson introduces you to four (4) prepositions in Arabic which are as follows:
| On | Ala | عَلَىٰ |
| In | Fi | فِي |
| To | Ila | إِلَىٰ |
| From | Min | مِنْ |
You were taught that Al-Madinatu (The city of Madina) is Marfoo because the last letter has Damma but when I want to say "In the city of Madina" i.e. add a preposition it becomes:
المَدينَةُ
فِي المَدينَةِ
All the examples given to you so far in the Lessons are mostly of masculine (names and words) and in their default state (of Marfoo) they always carry Dammatain, lets recall from Lesson 0:
مَسجِدٌ
كتابٌ
Female names ALWAYS carry a single Damma and here are some examples for you:
آمِنَةُ
فَاطِمَةُ
Then we explained that normally Arabic words properly decline in all three states i.e. Marfoo,Mansoob, Majroor as follows and they words are "TRIP-TOTES"
Watch the example of Al-Madina properly declining and in all 3 states as it is a "TRIP-TOTE"
| المدينةِ | المدينةَ | المدينةُ |
HINT: Whenever you see a MASCULINE WORD in Arabic which DOES NOT have Tanween (i.e. two Dammas, two Fathas or two Kasras) then this word DOES NOT DECLINE in all three states but only shows two states and hence they are called "DIP-TOTES"
Now watch the last letter of Makkah & Pakistan and see that they DO NOT take a Kasrah and their last two states are the same (i.e. with Fatha on the last letter) as they are "DIP-TOTES". In other words the Mansoob & Majroor states both carry a Fatha and visually look the same!
| مكةَ | مكةَ | مكةُ |
| بَاكستَانَ | بَاكستَانَ | بَاكستَانُ |
For feminine words you will mostly learn by experience e.g. here is an Arabic feminine name "Maryam" which is a "DIP-TOTE"
| مَريمَ | مَريمَ | مَريمُ |
You have also learned four particles which are used for asking questions in Arabic and they are:
| Is? | A'a | أَ |
| Where? | A'ina | أَيْنَ |
| Who? | Man | مَنْ |
| What? | Ma | مَا |
After all this revision lets get to Lesson 4:
You should carefully watch and learn how the Marfoo state of the word changes to Majroor due to the insertion of preposition (i.e. Harf-Jaar).
Analysis of all examples below:
- First sentence is a question and we don’t analyse the question grammatically just translate it “AS-IS”
- First word is Mubtada:
- Two remaining words are Khabar with the first (of the remaining two words being Harf-Jar) and the second (of the remaining two words being Ism-Majroor)
أَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٌ؟
هُو فِي الْغُرْفَةِ
وَأَيْنَ يَاسِرٌ؟
هُو فِي الحَمَّامِ
وَأَيْنَ آمِنةُ؟
هِيَ فِي الْمَطْبَخِ
أَيْنَ الْكِتَابُ؟
هُو عَلَىٰ الْمَكْتَبِ
وَأَيْنَ السَّاعَةُ؟
هِيَ عَلَىٰ السَّرِيرِ
Homework TASK ONE:
- WRITE down and translate all of these sentenses, above!
Exercise ONE:
أَيْنَ الْكِتَابُ؟
أَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٌ؟
أَيْنَ السَّاعَةُ؟
أَيْنَ يَاسِرٌ؟
أَيْنَ آمِنةُ؟
أَآمِنَةُ فِي الْغُرْفَةِ؟
أَيَاسِرٌ فِي الْمَطْبَخِ؟
مَنْ فِي الْغُرْفَةِ ؟
و مَنْ فِي الحَمَّامِ ؟
مَاذَا عَلَىٰ الْمَكْتَبِ؟
مَاذَا عَلَىٰ السَّرِيرِ؟
- WRITE down and translate all of these questions, above. And then answer them from the main Lesson.
REMEMBER! Harf-Jar (preposition) will ALWAYS change the default state of the next word (i.e. Ism Majroor) from Marfoo to Majroor.
