Madina Series Book 1: Lesson 1 (Part 2-Last Part)

Asslamo Allaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,

So far we have learned about the simple nominal sentence in the Arabic consists of two words (two nouns) classified as follows (lets' recap, Insha'Allah):

1. First word is مُبْتَدَأ (Mubtada) or subject or you can also call it the topic of the sentence.  It is always Marfoo and always definite.
2. Second word is خَبَر (Khabar) or predicate or you can also call it the topic of the comment.  It is always Marfoo and usually indefinite.

So lets recap the three areas where the two words will match in a simple nominal sentence:

1. مُبْتَدَأ (Mubtada) & خَبَر(Khabar) will both match in case ending i.e. they will be Marfoo
2. مُبْتَدَأ (Mubtada) & خَبَر (Khabar) will both match in gender i.e. if the first word is masculine, the second one will also be masculine and vice versa
3. مُبْتَدَأ (Mubtada) & خَبَر (Khabar) will both match in Plurality i.e. if the first word is singular, the second one will also be singular and if the first word is feminine then second word will also be feminine

So lets recap the ONLY AREA where the two words will NOT match in a simple nominal sentence:

• مُبْتَدَأ (Mubtada) is always definite & خَبَر (Khabar) will usually be indefinite.

Lesson 1 of the book: Demonstrative Pronoun Hadha:

Lesson 1 of the book introduces you to the (demonstrative pronoun) Hadha which simply means “This” and it is written like this هَـٰذَا and not like هَاذَا

(Hadha is always definite):

هَـٰذَا is always definite by default even though you don’t see an “ال” in front of it

(Hadha’s last letter is always Fixed):

Recall that we said that Arabic nouns are Marfoo, Mansoon or Majroor depending on the vowel (Damma, Fatha or Kasra) on the last letter but هَـٰذَا is always written as هَـٰذَا which makes your Lesson 1 dead simple!

Summary of concept of  هَـٰذَا introduced in Lesson 1:

Start the sentence with هَـٰذَا (it is always definite and in this case Marfoo) put a second word next to it (make sure to remove the “ال” because the Khabar is usuallu indefinite and you end up with a completely good Arabic nominal sentence!

هَـٰذَا Sentences in Lesson 1:

هَـٰذَا بَيْتٌ.

Analysis is as follows:

1. First word (Hadha) is Mubtada because it is Marfoo and definite
2. Second word (Baitun) is Khabar because it is Marfoo and indefinite
3. Translation is "This is a house."

هَـٰذَا مَسْجِدٌ.

Analysis is as follows:

1. First word (Hadha) is Mubtada because it is Marfoo and definite
2. Second word (Masjidun) is Khabar because it is Marfoo and indefinite
3. Translation is "This is a Masjid."

هَـٰذَا بَابٌ.

Analysis this sentence as shown by us in example.

هَـٰذَا كِتَابٌ.

Analysis this sentence as shown by us in example.

هَـٰذَا قَلَمٌ.

Analysis this sentence as shown by us in example.

هَـٰذَا مِفْتَاحٌ.
 

Analysis this sentence as shown by us in example.

هَـٰذَا مَكْتَبٌ.

Analysis this sentence as shown by us in example.

هَـٰذَا سَرِيرٌ.

Analysis this sentence as shown by us in example.

هَـٰذَا كُرْسِيٌّ.

Analysis this sentence as shown by us in example.

(مَا for asking questions about nonliving things): مَا means what?
When you place a مَا in front of هَـٰذَا it becomes a question meaning “What is this?

مَا هَـٰذَا؟  (Maa Hadha OR What is this?)

(مَن for asking questions about living things): مَن means who?
When you place a مَن in front of هَـٰذَا it becomes a question meaning “Who is this?

مَن هَـٰذَا؟  (Man Hadha OR Who is this?)

Revising Rule  (أَ  turns the sentence into a question):
When you place a أَ (Aa) in front of a nominal sentence it becomes a question, that’s all!

Simple Nominal Sentences:

القرآنُ كِتَابٌ

Analysis is as follows:

1. First word (Al-Qur'anu) is Mubtada because it is Marfoo and definite
2. Second word (Kitabun) is Khabar because it is Marfoo and indefinite
3. Translation is "The Qur'aan is a book."
    

السَيَّارَةٌ جَدِيدِةٌ

Analysis is as follows:

1. First word (As-Sayyaratu) is Mubtada because it is Marfoo and definite
2. Second word (Jadeedatun) is Khabar because it is Marfoo and indefinite
3. Translation is "The Car is new."

Examples of simple Nominal Sentences turned into a question?

  أَ القرآنُ كِتَابٌ ؟

 أَ السَيَّارَةٌ جَدِيدِةٌ  ؟

Examples on how to answer simple questions:

Imagine that someone points to a book and asks the following question (Is this a book?):

أَهَـٰذَا كِتَابٌ؟

Obviously since it is a book you will say, “Yes, it is a book.” Na'am in Arabic means "Yes"
 

نَعَمْ، هَـٰذَا كِتَابٌ

Now Imagine that someone points to a pen and asks the following question (Is this a Key?):

أَهَـٰذَا مِفْتَاحٌ؟

Obviously since it is a pen you will first negate that it isn't a pen and then affirm that its a pen, “No, it is a pen.”..Laa in Arabic means "No"
 

لا، هَـٰذَا قَلَمٌ

Now Imagine that someone points to a bed and asks the following question (What is it?):

مَا هَـٰذَا؟

Your job is to answer the question factually without any negative or positive in it:

هَـٰذَا سَرِيرٌ

Now Imagine that someone points to a Doctor (a living person and asks the following question (Who is it?):

مَن هَـٰذَا؟

Your job is to answer the question factually without any negative or positive in it i.e. "Hadha Tabibun meaning This is a Doctor"

هَـٰذَا طَبِيبٌ

تمرين means exercise in Arabic and this Lesson has 3 Exercises in it

Homework:

1. Download the book if you have not purchased it : http://www.4shared.com/document/S0daXA1J/Madina_Book_1.html
2. Start making notes for each lesson and write down the new vocabulary for each Lesson
3. Break down each sentence as shown in examples
4. Write, write, write

Jazakullah Khairun

Asslamo Allaikum Aapa,

This lesson doesn't use "Hal" so I would skip it for the time being and concentrate on using "Hamzah" for turning a sentence into a question, Insha'Allah.

Jazakullah Khairun