Madina Series Book 1: Lesson 0 (Part 2-Last Part)

Asslamo Allaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,

Jazakullah Khairun for all the duas and kind words and may Allah (SWT) reward everyone for their concerns (Ameen).

Grammatical Inflection:

Consider the usage of the word “Khalid” in the English language:

1. Khalid saw me
2. I saw Khalid
3. Khalid’s son

The sequence of the word Khalid in the first two examples indicates that Khalid did something in the first sentence while something happened to Khalid in the second sentence, while the usage of an apostrophe indicates possession in the third sentence. In English the entire meaning changes the minute you rearrange Khalid e.g.:

1. I saw Khalid
2. Khalid saw I

Are two completely different scenarios!

In Arabic this is achieved by the vowel on the last letter which gives Arabic unprecedented flexibility in sequencing i.e. as long the “د”on Khalid has the right vowel (e.g. Dammatain, Fathatain or Kasratain) Khalid can be placed anywhere in the sentence and the meaning will be conveyed accurately e.g.:

خالدٌ
 with Fathatain (two Fathaas) an Alif is added and the vowels are placed on itخالداً  
خالدٍ

This Level 1 course will primarily deal with the following three (3) states described below:

• State of Rafa or Marfoo = كتابٌ
• State of Nasab or Mansoob  كتاباً , with Fathatain (two Fathaas) an Alif is added and the vowels are placed on it
• State of Jaar or Majroor كتابٍ

Rule 1 (Arabic Nouns are Marfoo):

By default, Arabic Nouns Marfoo and something happens to the word for it to become Mansoob or Majroor so it is safe to pronounce most words with a Dammatain on the last letter e.g. مسجدٌ, رسُولٌ , رَبٌّ , مَدرَسِةٌ

It is essential that the vowel on the last letter is pronounced and in our experience, this is a critical mistake that many students make!

Definite vs. Indefinite:

In English, consider the following two cases:

• (An) Apple
• The Apple

The first case is about any apple while the second is about a particular apple.

Rule 2 (How to make a Noun definite):

By default a noun in Arabic is always indefinite and it is made definite by prefixing “ال” to it and when “ال”is added one of the vowels (e.g. one of the Dammas, Fathas or Kasras) drops out e.g. المسجدُ, الرسُولُ , الرَبُّ , المَدرَسِةُ

It is essential that the second vowel on the last letter is dropped and in our experience, this is a critical mistake that many students make by having “ال” and also Dammatain, Fathatain & Kasratain on the last letter.

Gender:
In Arabic, all nouns are either masculine or feminine with the sign of the later being as follows:

• Taa Marboota (ة): All nouns with a ة at the end are always feminine e.g. سيَّارَةٌ
• Ali Maqsoorah (الف مقصورة (ى)) All nouns with an Alif Maqsoorah are also feminine e.g. مُستَشفى (Mustashfa meaning hospital). Note that there are no two dots under the “Yaa”. It is a classical beginner error to pronounce this word as “Mustashfi” rather than “Mustashfa” so watch for the two dots!
• Ali Mamdooda (الف ممدودة (ـاء)) All nouns with an Alif Mamdooda are also feminine e.g. أَذْكِياءُ (Adhkiya’u meaning those men who are intelligent).
• Inherently Feminine: Some nouns are inherently feminine in Arabic e.g. شَمسٌ (Shamsun meaning Sun). These will be pointed out as the course continues

This may sound daunting to remember but we will practise it many many times so I wouldn' worry about it too much!

Endings for female names:

All female names in Arabic end with a single Damma in their Marfoo state e.g. عائشةُ , فاطمةُ , خديجةُ

Homework:

Download Madina Series Book 1 and select 10 nouns of your choice, try to pick 5 masculine and 5 feminine words.

http://www.4shared.com/document/S0daXA1J/Madina_Book_1.html

• Write them in indefinite Marfoo, Mansoob & Majroor states
• Then, add “ال” and write them in definite Marfoo, Mansoob & Majroor state

Next Lesson?

We will start Lesson 1 of the book pretty soon so its imperative for everyone to understand all the concepts described so far

AND WRITE, WRITE & WRITE!!!

Assalaamu 'alaykum ww



I've only done 5 examples as short for time and takes me too long on the arabic keyboard. Sorry.


بَيْتاً البَيْتُ بَيْتٍ بَيْتٌ

كِتابٍ كِتابٌ كِتاباً الكِتابُ



مَسْجِدٍ مَسْجِدٌ مَسْجِداً المَسْجِدُ



قَمَرٍ قَمَرٌ قَمَراً القَمَرُ

شَمْسٍ شَمسٌ شَمْساً الشّمْسُ

Asslamo Allaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,

Let me give another example where the noble and beloved name of Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) is used in all three states i.e. Marfoo, Mansoob & Majroor.

Name of Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) in Marfoo state:

لَآ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا اللّٰهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَّسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ

Name of Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) in Mansoob state:

اَشْهَدُ اَنْ لَّآ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا اللہُ وَحْدَهٗ لَا شَرِيْكَ لَهٗ وَ اَشْهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّدًاعَبْدُهٗ وَرَسُوْلُهٗ

Name of Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) in Majroor state:

أللهم صل على محمدٍ وعلى آل محمدٍ كما صليت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد. أللهم بارك على محمدٍ وعلى آل محمدٍ كما باركت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد

By default a noun will always be Marfoo

When everyone has done their homework and understood this simple yet critical concept we will begin the book, Insha'Allah.
 

Asslamo Allaikum,

You will be learning when Kasratain is added Insha'Allah pretty quickly with Fathatain comes down the road.

Jazakullah Khairun

W-Salam,

For the time being don't worry about what they mean, just learn to call it and recognise it.

Marfoo = A word whose last letter has Dammatain (two Dammas) or a single Damma OR "Paish" as we are used to calling it in Urdu

Mansoob = A word whose last letter has Fathatain (two Fathas) or a single Fatha OR "Zabar" as we are used to calling it in Urdu

Majroor = A word whose last letter has Kasratain (two Kasra) or a single Kasra which is "Zaer" as we are used to calling it in Urdu

Name of Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) in Marfoo state:

لَآ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا اللّٰهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَّسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ

Name of Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) in Mansoob state:

اَشْهَدُ اَنْ لَّآ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا اللہُ وَحْدَهٗ لَا شَرِيْكَ لَهٗ وَ اَشْهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّدًاعَبْدُهٗ وَرَسُوْلُهٗ

Name of Sayyidina Muhammad (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) in Majroor state:

أللهم صل على محمدٍ وعلى آل محمدٍ كما صليت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد. أللهم بارك على محمدٍ وعلى آل محمدٍ كما باركت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد

By default a noun will always be Marfoo

Asslamo Allaikum my Brother,

Make dua to Allah (SWT) for acceptance, success and Aafiyya.

Jazakullah Khairun