Ibn Abu Mulaykah رضي الله عنه reports that 'Aa'isha رضي الله عنه was asked about the person Allaah's Messenger (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) would have nominated his successor if he had to nominate one at all. She said, 'Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه.' It was said to her, 'Then who after Abu Bakr?' She replied, ''Umar رضي الله عنه.' It was said to her, 'Then who after 'Umar?' She said, 'Abu Ubaydah ibn Al-Jarraah رضي الله عنه.' And then she kept silent. (Muslim)
Abu Moosa Al-Ash'aryy (RA) narrates: The Prophet (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) fell ill and when his illness aggravated, he said, 'Tell Abu Bakr (RA) to lead the people in Salaah.' Umm ul-Mu'mineen Hadrat 'Aa'isha Siddeeqah (RA) said, 'O Messenger of Allah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam), Abu Bakr is a softhearted man, he would not be able to lead the Salaah in your place.' The Prophet (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) said again, 'Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in Salaah.' She repeated the same reply, and the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) said: 'Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in Salaah. You are even as the women who were with Prophet Yoosuf (AS).' So the Messenger of Allaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) went to Abu Bakr (RA) (with that order), and he led the people in Salaah in the lifetime of the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam). (Reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
There is agreement among the scholars that denying the Companionship of Abu Bakr (radiallaahu 'anh) is considered kufr (unbelief) since it is established in the Qur'an:
"If you help him (Muhammad SAW) not (it does not matter), for Allah did indeed help him when the disbelievers drove him out, the second of two, when they (Muhammad SAW and Abu Bakr) were in the cave, and he (SAW) said to his companion (Abu Bakr): "Be not sad (or afraid), surely Allah is with us." Then Allah sent down His Sakinah (calmness, tranquillity, peace, etc.) upon him, and strengthened him with forces (angels) which you saw not, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowermost, while it was the Word of Allah that became the uppermost, and Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise." (9:40)
Scholars have deduced the reference to Hadrat Abu Bakr's (RA) caliphate from some verses of the Qur'aan. Al-Hasan al-Basri (RA), commenting on the verse:
"O you who believe! Whoever from among you turns back from his religion (Islam), Allah will bring a people whom He will love and they will love Him; humble towards the believers, stern towards the disbelievers, fighting in the Way of Allah, and never afraid of the blame of the blamers. That is the Grace of Allah which He bestows on whom He wills. And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creatures' needs, All-Knower."(5:54)
said, 'By Allaah, they are Abu Bakr and his companions. When some Arabs relinquished Islaam after the death of the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam), Abu Bakr and his Companions fought them until they returned back to Islaam.' (Seeratul Khulafaa ar-Raashideen radiallaahu 'anhum)
The Standpoint of the Sahaabah (radiallaahu 'anhum) Concerning the Khilaafah after the demise of Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam)
The Sahaabah (radiallaahu 'anhum) Unanimously Accept Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه as Khalifah
The Demise of Rasulullaah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and the Sermon of Hadhrat Abu Bakr (radiallaahu 'anh)
Hadhrat Urwa bin Zubayr رضي الله عنه says that (after hearing about the demise of Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه came on his animal from the Sunh district of Madinah. He then dismounted at the door of the Masjid. He was filled with heartache and grief as he sought permission to enter the room of his daughter Hadhrat Aa'isha رضي الله عنه. When she gave permission, he entered the room where Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) had passed away on the bed. Sitting around Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) were his wives who veiled their faces and concealed themselves from Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه. Of course, there was no need for Hadhrat Aa'isha رضي الله عنه to do so. Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه opened the face of Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) and then knelt on his knees to kiss Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam). He wept as he said, "What the son of Khattaab says is not true(1). I swear by the Being Who controls my life that Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) has certainly passed away. May Allaah's mercy be showered on you, O Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam)! You are so pure in life and in death!"
(1) (Hadhrat Umar bin Khattaab رضي الله عنه had been telling people that Rasulullaah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam had not passed away but his soul had merely been transported away to the heavens and would soon return.)
Hadhrat Abu Bakr (RA) then covered the face of Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) and hastened to the Masjid, skipping over the shoulders of people sitting there until he reached the pulpit. When he saw Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه approach, even Hadhrat Umar رضي الله عنه sat down. Standing at the side of the pulpit, Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه called the people and they all sat down and kept silent. He recited the Shahaadah as he knew it and said, "Allaah had given the news of the demise of His Nabi (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) when he was still alive amongst you. He has also given you the news of your own deaths. Death is a reality and there will come a time when none but Allaah will be alive. Allaah has declared:
'Muhammad is but a Rasool (of Allaah). Indeed many Rusul have passed before him. If he passes away or is martyred, would you (Muslims) then turn back on your heels (and forsake Islaam)? He who turns back on his heels can never harm Allaah in the least (because he will be harming only himself). Allaah shall soon reward the grateful ones (so be firm and strive for His Deen).'"(Surah Aal Imraan, verse 144)
Hadhrat Umar رضي الله عنه exclaimed, "Is this verse in the Qur'aan? By Allaah, to this day, I had never known that it was ever revealed (I had completely forgotten about it)!" Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه continued, "Allaah has also mentioned the following about Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam:
'Indeed, you (O Rasulullah) shall certainly die, and they shall all die as well'(Surah Zumar, verse 30)
Allaah has also mentioned:
'Everything shall perish but His countenance. All decisions rest with Him and to Him shall you all be returned (after death).' (surah Qasas, verse 88)
Allaah also says:
'Everything on earth shall perish (on the Day of Qiyaamah if not sooner). (When this happens,) Only the countenance of your Rabb the Possessor of majesty and benevolence shall remain (forever, without ever perishing).'(Surah Rahmaan, verses 26, 27)
Allaah says in another verse:
'Every soul shall taste death and it is only on the Day of Qiyaamah that you will be given your rewards in full (although partial rewards are received in this world and in the grave).'"(Surah Aai Imran, verse 185)
Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه continued; "Allaah had given a lifetime to Rasulullaah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and kept him alive until he established the Deen of Allaah, made the commands of Allaah explicit, passed on the message of Allaah and exerted himself in the path of Allaah. In this condition, Allaah then took him away after he had left you on a path. Now whoever dies will die after being exposed to the clear proofs (of Imaan) and the great cure (to kufr, which is the Qur'aan).
Therefore, whoever took Allaah as his Rabb should know that Allaah is Alive and shall never die. On the other hand, whoever worshipped Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and took him as a god should know that their god is no more. Fear Allaah, O people! Hold fast to your Deen and rely on your Rabb because the Deen ofAllaah has been established and the word of Allaah is complete. Allaah will assist whoever assists the Deen of Allaah and it is Allaah Who will strengthen His Deen. Indeed, the Book of Allaah that is amongst you is a light and a source of healing. It is through this Book that Allaah had guided Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and it contains the details of the things that Allaah has made Halaal and what He has made Haraam. By Allaah! We have no concern for any of Allaah's creation that wishes to attack us because the swords of Allaah are drawn and we shall never put them down. We shall continue fighting those who oppose us just as we did with Rasulullaah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Whoever now seeks to oppress shall be oppressing only himself." The Muhaajireen then left together with Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه to (tend to the burial of) Rasulullaah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. (Bayhaqi, as quoted in Al-Bidaaya wan Nihaaya Vol.5 Pg.243) (Hayaatus Sahaabah radiallahu 'anhum, Volume 2)
The Sermon of Hadhrat 'Umar (RA) when Most of the Sahaabah (RA) pledge their allegiance to Hadhrat Abu Bakr (RA)
Hadhrat Anas رضي الله عنه reports that he heard the closing sermon of Hadhrat Umar رضي الله عنه as he sat on the pulpit the day after Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) passed away. Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه sat in silence without saying a word. Hadhrat Umar رضي الله عنه said, "I wished that Rasulullaah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) would remain alive until we had all passed away, so that he would be the last of us alive. (However, we have nothing to fear because) Even though Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has passed away, Allaah has left in our midst a light (the Qur'aan) by which we are guided and which has also guided Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه is the close companion of Rasulullaah (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam). He was 'the second of the two' (in the cave with Rasulullaah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam during the Hijrah(1)) and he is the most worthy of administering the affairs of the Muslims.You should therefore stand up and pledge your allegiance to him." Although a large group had already pledged their allegiance to Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه in the orchard of the Banu Saa'idah, the general pledge of all the Muslims took place in the Masjid. (2)
(1) - This refers to verse 40 of surah Taubah in which Allaah says, "If you do not assist him (Rasulullaah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam), then indeed Allaah had assisted him when the Kuffaar drove him out (of Makkah). He was the second of the two (the other being his bosom friend Abu Bakr radiallaahu 'anh) when they were (hiding from the Kuffaar) in the cave (outside Makkah) and he (Rasulullaah told his companion (Abu Bakr) (when the Kuffaar were on the verge of capturing them), "Do not grieve (do not fear for my safety). Verily Allaah is with us (and He will protect us from the Kuffaar)."
(2) - Bukhari
Imaam Zuhri رضي الله عنه narrates from Hadhrat Anas رضي الله عنه that on that day Hadhrat Umar رضي الله عنه kept insisting that Hadhrat Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه mount the pulpit until he was forced to do so. The general public then pledged their allegiance to him. (Hayaatus Sahaabah radiallaahu 'anhum, volume 2)
The Sahaabah (رضي الله عنهم) Pledge Their Allegiance To Hadhrat Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) In The Orchard
Imaam Zuhri (رحمه الله) narrates from Hadhrat Anas (رضي الله عنه) that the day after the Sahaabah (رضي الله عنهم) had pledged their allegiance to Hadhrat Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) in the orchard, Hadhrat Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) sat on the pulpit (in the Masjid) as Hadhrat Umar (رضي الله عنه) stood by. Speaking before Hadhrat Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه), Hadhrat Umar (رضي الله عنه) duly praised Allaah (سبحانه وتعالى) and then said, "O people! What I told you yesterday (that Rasulullaah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) had not passed away) was incorrect. Neither have I found this in the Book of Allaah nor has Rasulullaah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) instructed me to say it. However, I always thought that Rasulullaah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) would be the last of us (and found it difficult to accept that he had left the world before us). Nevertheless, Allaah (سبحانه وتعالى) has left with you His Book by which he guided Rasulullaah (صلى الله عليه وسلم). If you hold fast to it, Allaah (سبحانه وتعالى) shall guide you to that which He has guided Rasulullaah (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Allaah (سبحانه وتعالى) has also united you under the leadership of the best amongst you, namely the close companion of Rasulullaah (صلى الله عليه وسلم) who was 'the second of the two when they were in the cave'. So stand up and pledge your allegiance to Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه)." The general public then pledged their allegiance to Hadhrat Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) after some had already pledged their allegiance in the orchard.
Hadhrat Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) then addressed the people. After duly praising Allaah (سبحانه وتعالى), he said, "O people! Although I have been appointed as your leader, I am by no means the best of you (1). Should I do what is right, do assist me and should I do wrong, do correct me. To be truthful is a great trust while lying is a terrible misappropriation of trust. The weak amongst you are powerful in my eyes and I shall see that I remove the causes for his complaint. On the other hand, the powerful ones amongst you are weak in my eyes and I shall endeavour to take from them the dues (they owe to others), Inshaa Allaah. Whenever a nation forsakes Jihaad, Allaah (سبحانه وتعالى) humiliates them and whenever immoral behaviour becomes widespread amongst them, Allaah surrounds them with calamities. Obey me as long as I obey Allaah and His Rasool ~. However, should I ever disobey Allaah and His Rasool (صلى الله عليه وسلم), you are not obliged to obey me at all. You may now stand up for your salaah. May Allaah shower His mercies on you all." 1) - Hadrat Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) said this because of his humility. Otherwise, the Ulema of the Ummah unanimously agree that he is the best of all the Sahaabah (رضي الله عنهم)
(2 - Ibn Ishaaq, as quoted in Al-Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vol.5 Pg.247)
I was doing some further reading on Hazrat Abu Baker رضي الله عنه and I came across this but there were no references.
Quote:
Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) used to initiate the recitation of "La Ilaha Illallah" in a circle of his friends at his house. The practice was later adopted by all saints and has become the cornerstone of Sufism. It was his way and his favours which he imparted upon his companions in that circle of recitation, which continues in the Naqshbandiya order today.
Can anyone verify. (it was from, a Sufi Barelwi site came across it by chance.)
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم had once addressed Sayyidna Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq (رضي الله عنه) and Sayyidna 'Umar (رضي الله عنه) in the following words: "When you agree on an opinion, I do not decide against you." (Hafiz Ibn Kathir (رحمه الله) with reference to the Musnad of Ahmad (رحمه الله))
Muhammad Ibn al-Hanifiya (رضي الله عنه) related: 'I asked my father Ali (رضي الله عنه): 'After the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) who is the greatest (in the Ummah)?' Ali (رضي الله عنه) replied: 'Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه).' I asked: 'Then who?' Ali (رضي الله عنه) replied: 'Umar (رضي الله عنه).' (Saheeh Bukhari/Masabih)
Early Life Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه was born at Makkah some time in 573 CE. His father was Uthman, surnamed Abu Qahafa, and his mother was Salma, surnamed Umm-ul-Khair. They belonged to the Bani Taim section of the Quraysh. The genealogy of Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه joined with that of the Holy Prophet ﷺ eight generations back in their common ancestor Murrah.
When the Holy Prophet ﷺ announced his prophetic mission, Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه was the first person outside the family of the Holy Prophet ﷺ to accept Islam. Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه was a rich merchant, and he commanded great influence in the social circles of Makkah. Through his influence many distinguished persons among the Quraysh were converted to Islam. Most of his wealth was used in the liberation of Muslim slaves. He was the first person to build a mosque. After conversion to Islam he was constant companion of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. The Holy Prophet ﷺ conferred on him the title of "Siddiq", the Veracious for his power to discern the truth.
On the occasion of the Hijrah, he was the companion of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and was refereed to in the Holy Qur'an as "the Second of the Two."
At Madina, his daughter 'Ayesha رضی ﷲ عنھا was married to the Holy Prophet ﷺ. That brought him still closer to the Holy Prophet ﷺ. He participated in all the battles fought by the Holy Prophet ﷺ. He was the first person to be appointed as Amirul Hajj in the history of Islam. When the Holy Prophet ﷺ fell sick, he was commissioned by the Holy Prophet ﷺ to lead the faithful in prayer.
When on the death of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, even men like 'Umar رضي الله عنه said that the Holy Prophet was alive and had gone to meet God, Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه said, "Know that Muhammad ﷺ being mortal is dead, but God of Muhammad ﷺ being immortal is alive and will live for ever."
Caliphate of Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه After the death of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه was elected as the Caliph. On assuming office, in his inaugural address, Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه said that he was not the best among them, and needed their advice and help. He held that to tell the truth to a person commissioned to rule was faithful allegiance, and to conceal it was treason. He declared that in his sight the strong and the weak were to be alike, and he would render justice to all without fear or favor. He laid down the following criterion for the obedience of the people:
"As I obey Allah and His Prophet, obey me. If I neglect the laws of Allah and His Prophet, I have no more right to your obedience."
This cannot be undone and I am sure it will be greatly appreciated.
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is but a Rasool (of Allaah). Indeed many Rusul have passed before him. If he passes away or is martyred, would you (Muslims) then turn back on your heels (and forsake Islaam)? He who turns back on his heels can never harm Allaah in the least (because he will be harming only himself). Allaah shall soon reward the grateful ones (so be firm and strive for His Deen).'" (Surah Aal Imraan, verse 144)
