Summary:
- Our dear and beloved Nabi (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) used to fast the most (outside Ramadhaan) in the month of Sha'baan.
حدثنا يحيى بن يحيى قال قرأت على مالك عن أبي النضر مولى عمر بن عبيد الله عن أبي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن عن عائشة أم المؤمنين رضي الله عنها أنها قالت كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم حتى نقول لا يفطر ويفطر حتى نقول لا يصوم وما رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم استكمل صيام شهر قط إلا رمضان وما رأيته في شهر أكثر منه صياما في شعبان
Sayyida 'A'isha, the Mother of the Believers (RAS), reported that the Messenger of Allah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) used to observe fasts (so frequently) that we said that he would not break, and did not observe (them) till we said that he would not fast: and I did not see the Messenger of Allah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) completing the fast of a month, but that of Ramadan, and I did not see him fasting more in any other month than that of Sha'ban. [Muslim]
2 There are no authentic reports from Sayyidina Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) to specifically single out the night 15th of Shab’aan for worship, rather all of the reports have some weaknesses in them.
a) A group of Scholars state that together when these weak reports are combined they give some credence to this night that it has blessings and extra worship should be done in this night. See the opinions of Shaykh (Mufti) Taqi Usmani (HA) and the research and analysis of all Ahadeeth on the subject by Shaykh (Maulana) Fazlur Rahman Aa'zmi (HA) who is one of the foremost Hadeeth Scholars of our time, below.
It is then further stipulated that no stipulated acts of worship are defined and a person is free to perform any acts of worship (recitation of the Qur'aan, prayers etc.) but it must be done individually (and not collectively in Mosques). Cooking special meals, illuminating houses and Mosques, fireworks are all baseless innovations.
b) Another group of Scholars such as Shaykh (Mufti) Rasheed Ahmed Ludhyanwi (RA) in Ahsanul-Fatawa concludes that it is correct that in some instances "many weak Hadeeth" give credence to a matter but in this case the weakeness of narrations is so severe that even if we have in excess of a 1000 narrations it would make no difference and hence rejects any significance of this night. Shaykh (Mufti) Rasheed Ahmed Ludhyanwi (RA) in Ahsanul-Fatawa also produces the opinions of major Deobandi Ulamah to substantiate his Fatwa that there is nothing significant in this night.
c) Shaykh (Maulana) Ashraf Ali Thanwi (RA) wrote that to send Isaal-e-Sawaab to the dead in this night is Sunnah in "Bahishti Zewar" and "Islahir-Rusoom". Shaykh (Maulana) Ashraf Ali Thanwi (RA) retracted this in "Imdadul-Fatawa" and said that "Islahir-Rusoom" shouldn't be printed without the correction.
3 There is no authentic report from Sayyidina Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) to visit the graveyard on the 15th or any other specific night (of this month), rather generally Muslims are encouraged to visit the graveyard (to remind them of death) and there is no connection of visiting the graveyard to the 15th (or any other) night of Sha'baan.
4 There is no authentic report from Sayyidina Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) to fast specifically and exclusively on the 15th of Sha'baan, hence this fast is neither Sunnah nor praiseworthy or recommended on its own. It has been previously stated that it was the noble practise of our dear and beloved Sayyidina Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) to fast frequently in this month so if 15th happens to fall during the days in which a person is fasting then that's fine but it cannot be singled out for fasting.
5 There is no authentic report from Sayyidina Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) to fast specifically and exclusively on the 15th of Sha'baan, hence this fast is neither Sunnah nor praiseworthy or recommended on its own. It has been previously stated that it was the noble practise of our dear and beloved Sayyidina Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) to fast frequently in this month so if 15th happens to fall during the days in which a person is fasting then that's fine but it cannot be singled out for fasting.
6 The opinion that destinies (births, deaths, marriages etc) are decided on this night (of the 15th of Shabaan) is without support and contradicts the Qur’aan and is therefore rejected by Scholars of Islam.
7 Some Muslims are of the opinion that the Qur’aan was revealed in this night (of 15th of Shab’aan) but the most correct view (as per the Qur’aan) itself is that it was revealed on the night of power (Laylatul-Qad’r). This discusison can be looked in the Tafseer of Imam Tabari (RA) and others. the verses quoted to erroneously establish that the Qur’aan was revealed on the 15th of Sh’baan are:
إِنَّآ أَنزَلۡنَـٰهُ فِى لَيۡلَةٍ۬ مُّبَـٰرَكَةٍۚ إِنَّا كُنَّا مُنذِرِينَ (٣) فِيہَا يُفۡرَقُ كُلُّ أَمۡرٍ حَكِيمٍ
[44:3] We have sent it down in a blessed night, (because) We had to warn (people). [44:4] In that (night), every wise matter is allocated
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