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#31 [Permalink] Posted on 13th January 2011 20:36

The Fifteenth Century & The End of Muslim Rule in Al Andalus

At the dawn of the fifteenth century Muhammad VII was the Amir of Granada. He was a warrior and he strengthened his army and garrisoned the border forts. The Christians viewed this with concern and in 1404 they summoned a council of war and decided to end Muslim Kingdom of Granada. An indecisive battle followed and a truce was called. After his death other rulers followed amongst intrigue and conspiracies and the Christians constantly intensifying pressure.

The fifteenth century saw the frontiers of the kingdom of Granada shrinking progressively as the Christians continued to attack and wrestle away border towns. The kingdom itself was always under civil strife. Muhammad VII was the Amir in the beginning of the fifteenth century, followed by others. Abul Hasan was one of last rulers of the dying state of Granada.

He was brave and courageous, he reorganised the civil and military administration, strengthened the army and prepared for a show down with the Christians. He recaptured some of the border towns which had been captured by the Castilians. Meanwhile the Christians gained strength with the unification of two states as Ferdinand (the ruler of Castile) and Isabella (the ruler of Aragon) married.

The war between Granada and the Christians broke out in 1482 and lasted ten years with both sides gaining and loosing territory. At this critical time the court of Granada came to be rocked by family feuds.

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#32 [Permalink] Posted on 14th January 2011 20:02

Boabdil (Known as Ex-Zogoiby - The Unlucky)
The Last Ruler of Muslim Spain

Abul Hasan had two wives, a Nasrid princess, Aisha and a Christian lady, Isabelle. Abul Hasan was attached to Isabelle and under her influence he decided that his successor should be his younger son from his Christian wife in preference to his older son, Abu Abdullah (or Boabdil, as commonly know to the world) who was the son of Aisha. Through the incitement of his mother Boabdil staged a revolt against his father. He won the support of the Arab tribes and he captured the capital. Abul Hasan fled to Malaga where his brother was the ruler and with his help recaptured the throne. Boabdil then sought refuge with the Christians and now Granada was in a state of anarchy and confusion. Abul Hasan could not cope and he abdicated in favour of his brother, Muhammad al Zaghal (Muhammad XI). He was a valiant and gallant warrior, a firm ruler and a resolute opponent of the Christians. In normal times he would have been a successful ruler, however the process of disintegration had proceeded too far.

Baobdil was with the Christians and he fought against his uncle when they attacked. The Fort of Losca fell in 1486 followed by the Fort of Valez in the next year. Muhammad XI felt that resistance was useless and he fled to Morocco while Baobdil took the throne. He took the official name of Muhammad XII though unfortunately he was the very last ruler of Spain (or what little remained of it).

Despite being a tool of the Christians they gave him no peace. They were determined to annex the state of Granada. They continued their attacks and captured city after city while the refugees from these cities poured into Granada creating discontentment and unrest. The Christians also provoked insurrections within Granada till finally Baobdil tried to come to terms with the Christians. The Christians however would not agree to any terms and finally Baobdil had no option but to capitulate though the terms agreed upon were kept secret. The Christians marched to Granada and occupied it in January 1492. Baobdil had to leave for Morocco and he bade farewell to Granada with tears trickling down. His mother Aisha turned to him and said, "Do not weep like a woman over what you could not hold like a man."

With him Muslim rule in Spain extending about eight centuries came to a close. The place where he bid his sad farewell came to be known as "Last sigh of the Moor".

The fall of Granada in 1492 C.E. was a tragedy of the same magnitude as the fall of Baghdad in 1258 C.E., however the tragedy of Granada was more poignant for while Muslim rule was restored in Baghdad after a short interim, Muslim rule in Spain disappeared totally. Muslims were allowed religious freedom for a few years but by 1502, Muslims had to choose either to convert to Christianity or leave Spain.

CONCLUSION

The rise and fall of power in Muslim Spain holds many lessons for us. As said earlier, as long as the Muslims were united, they constituted the largest empire in history; when they fell victim to disunity and developed differences among themselves in the name of religion they fell from power. When the rulers ruled with justice, peace and prosperity prevailed and when they went against the teachings and example of the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu 'alayhi wasallam and the Khulafaa Raashideen, they lost everything.

This work was a compilation (with the help of Allah subhaanahu wata'ala) of the history of Muslim Spain from the following books:

"History of Islam" by Professor Masudul Hasan
"The Story of Islamic Spain" by Syed Azizur Rahman

It is a brief history outlining the main events. For the complete history the above books are recommended though I'm sure there are many more. The following link may also be useful specially for further reading regarding the aftermath and the present time.

www.kalamullah.com/Books/TheIncompleteHistory-AndalusAfte...

All praises are for Allah subhaanau wata'ala. I'm sure this work will not be free from mistakes. If found please do not hesitate to post for the benefit of all of us.

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#33 [Permalink] Posted on 14th January 2011 20:43

Great work, MashaAllah, MAy Allah reward you for your efforts

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#34 [Permalink] Posted on 5th October 2017 14:48

Youtube Video

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#35 [Permalink] Posted on 13th February 2026 15:57

x.com/Cool_Ustaz/status/2022288996970229975?s=20

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Fastest-Growing Religion in Each Spain Autonomous Community 🇪🇸

🇪🇸 Andalusia — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Aragon — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Asturias — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Balearic Islands — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Basque Country — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Canary Islands — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Cantabria — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Castilla-La Mancha — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Castilla y León — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Catalonia — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Extremadura — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Galicia — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 La Rioja — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Madrid — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Murcia — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Navarre — 🟢 Islam
🇪🇸 Valencian Community — 🟢 Islam

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