The 3 categories of Tawheed

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#1 [Permalink] Posted on 5th April 2016 19:35

" Tawheed can be explained by dividing it into three categories as follows.

1) Tawheed ar-Ruboobiyyah

2) Tawheed al-Uloohiyyah

3) Tawheed al-Asmaa' was-sifaat "

Does this type of categorization of Tawheed done by the salaf رحمة الله عليه, tabieen رحمة الله عليه and the sahaba رضي الله عنهم.

Why this type of categorization is done by today's scholars in Al-Aqidah Al-Tahawiyyah commentaries when Imam Tahawi رحمة الله عليه himself did not use this type of categorization.

والسلام

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#2 [Permalink] Posted on 5th April 2016 21:51

Dr. Bakr Abu Zayd stated that this categorization was referred to by At-Tabari and Ibn Mandah and he stated that Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn al-Qayyim stated it in their books. It was also stated by as Az-Zabeedi in Taaj Al-‘Aroos and Shaykh Ash-Shanqeeti in Adhwaa’ Al-Bayaan.

Shaykh Bakr may Allaah have mercy upon him said: "This inductive categorization among the earlier scholars of the Salaf (righteous predecessors) was mentioned by Ibn Mandah, Ibn Jareer At-Tabari and others, and this was stated by Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn al-Qayyim; and it was stated by Az-Zabeedi in Taaj Al-‘Aroos, Shaykh Ash-Shanqeeti in Adhwaa’ Al-Bayaan and others may Allaah have mercy upon them all. It consists of an induced conclusion from an exhaustive study of the religious texts, and this is consistent among the people of every discipline, as with the grammaticians, who induced that the words of the Arabs are categorized into noun, verb and particle, although the Arabs did not mention this; yet no one criticized the grammaticians for it, and the same will be said about all other instances of inductive reasoning

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abu nusayba

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#3 [Permalink] Posted on 5th April 2016 21:58

Imam Abu ‘Hanifah RA said in al-Fiqh al-Awsat: Allah is to be asked with the intention that he is above, not below, because being below is neither of Ruboobiyyah nor Uloohiyyah .

* ibn abil Izz said in his Sharh of the Ta’hawiwwah page 10: so it became known that what is required is Tawheed al-Uloohiyyah, which is enclusive of Taweeh al-Ruboobiyyah.

'Allaamah as-Safaareenee - may God's mercy be upon him - said: "Know that Tawheed has three divisions: Tawheed ar-Ruboobiyyah (the Oneness of God in His Lordship), Tawheed al- Uloohiyyah (to single-out Almighty God alone for worship) and Tawheed al-Asmaa was-Sifaat (the uniqueness of God's Names and Attributes)." [Lawaami' al-Anwaarul-Bahiyyah (1/128) of as-Safaareenee]

Muhyî ad-Dîn ibn `Arabî’s al-Futûhât al-Makkîyyah.

Tawhîd ar-Rubûbîyyah

والفطرة علم التوحيد التي فطر الله الخلق عليها حين أشهدهم حين قبضهم من ظهورهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى فشاهدوا الربوبية قبل كل شيء
“The nature is inclined to knowledge of at-Tawhîd which is the nature Allâh has placed in His creation from when they testified of Him (at the time of the pre-worldly covenent or mîthâq) until when they are siezed by their backs and asked, ‘Am I not your Lord?’ to which they will reply, ‘Indeed!’ Thus, they have testified to ar-Rubûbîyyah before everything.”
[al-Futûhât al-Makîyyah, Muhyî ad-Dîn ibn `Arabî]

Tawhîd al-Ulûhîyyah

وسمى مشركاً لكونه نسب الألوهية إلى غير الله مع الله
“And they are called mushrik due to their association of al-Ulûhîyyah to other than Allâh with Allâh..”
[al-Futûhât al-Makîyyah, Muhyî ad-Dîn ibn `Arabî]

Tawhîd al-Asmâ’ was-Siffât (also termed Tawhîd as-Siffât)

ومن أوتر بثلاث فهو توحيد الألوهة ومن أوتر بخمس فهو توحيد القلب ومن أوتر بسبع فهو توحيد الصفات ومن أوتر بتسع فقد جمع في كل ثلاث توحيد الذات وتوحيد الصفات وتوحيد الأفعال
“..and he who takes by the odd number of three, that is Tawhîd al-Ulûhîyyah; and who takes by the odd number of five, that is Tawhîd al-Qalb; and he who takes by the odd number of seven, that is Tawhîd as-Siffât; and who takes by the odd number of nine, then he has combined all three of the Tawhîd ath-Dhaat, and Tawhîd as-Siffât, and Tawhîd al-Af`âl)..”
[al-Futûhât al-Makîyyah, Muhyî ad-Dîn ibn `Arabî]

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abu nusayba

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#4 [Permalink] Posted on 6th April 2016 18:53

1. Shaykh Muhammad bin Yahya Ninowy in translation and commentary of "Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar" mentions under the definition of Tawheed

"...a recent philosophical concept of Tawheed being three kinds (i.e.
rububiyyah, uluiyyah, and asma wa sifat). Know, may Allah guide you, that such classification was never
mentioned in the Qur’an, nor was it ever taught or even mentioned by the Prophet, sallallahu alahi wa
aalihi wa sallam, through out his entire life, nor any of the Ahlul Bayt or Sahaba al-Kiram ever even
mentioned it, nor any of the massive numbers of Taabi’een nor Tabi’at-Taabi’een. Simply stated, the new
innovation of three Tawheeds instead of One, is a recent, unnecessary, and flawed philosophy. One should
exercise the best efforts to adhere to the pure Tawheed as in the Qur’an and authentic Sunnah, and reject
innovations made by fallible people."

2. Why quote Shaykh Ibn Arabi when many of the salafis reject him totally and Shaykh Shanqeeti as deviated.

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The 3 categories of Tawheed

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