| Last updated: | 8th December 2019 |
| Question ID: | #4339 |
| Short URL: | https://qa.muftisays.com/?4339 |
﷽
It is permissible to adopt the child of your brother (your nephew) according to shar’īah [1], whilst maintaining the following conditions:
a) The child should keep the name & lineage of his biological father and not take up the name and lineage of the parents who adopted him. [2] Thus, the child will be attributed to his biological father and will NOT be your son.
b) Strict pardah should be observed between your wife and the child, when he reaches the age of puberty. [3]
If the child is adopted in infancy and your wife breast-feeds the child, you will become the foster parents and pardah will not be necessary. However, it should be noted that through breast-feeding you are the foster parents and do not become the 'real' parents. His lineage should still be made towards his biological father.
c) The adopted child does not inherit Islamically from the adoptive parents. However, you can bequest up to one-third of your wealth to the adopted child in your will if you wish to do so. [4]
And Allah Ta’āla knows best
24 December 2019 / 27 Rabī’ul Ākhir 1441 AH
_____________________
[1]
كفايت المفتي ج٥ ص٢٧٦- دار الإشاعت
[2]
كفايت المفتي ج٥ ص٢٧٦- دار الإشاعت
The Messenger (Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam) had adopted Zaid bin Hārithah (Radillāhu ‘Anhu) as a son before prophethood.
People called him Zaid, the son of Muhammad (Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam). Allah Ta’ala revealed the following verses:
مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ قَلْبَيْنِ فِي جَوْفِهِ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَزْوَاجَكُمُ اللَّائِي تُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْهُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُمْ بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهْدِي السَّبِيلَ . ادْعُوهُمْ لِآَبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا آَبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا أَخْطَأْتُمْ بِهِ وَلَكِنْ مَا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا.
Allah has not made for any man two hearts in his (chest) cavity, nor did he make your wives whom you subjected to zihar, your mothers, no did he make your adopted sons you (real) sons. That is (merely) a word uttered by your mouths. And Allah says the truth and He shows the (right) way. Call them by (the name of) their (real) fathers; It is more equitable in the sight of Allah. And if you do not know their fathers, then they are your brothers in faith and your friends. And there is no sin on you in the mistake you make, but in that which you do with intention of your heart and Allah is Most-Forgiving, Very-Merciful.
[3]
كفايت المفتي ج٥ ص٢٧٧- دار الإشاعت
[4]
كفايت المفتي ج٥ ص٢٧٨-٢٧٩- دار الإشاعت
لا دليل لكم في هذه الآية ، على ما ذهبتم إليه من هذا؛ لأن الناس كانوا يتوارثون بالتبني، كما تبنى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، زيد بن حارثة، فكان زيد بن محمد وكان من فعل هذا ورث المتبني ماله، دون سائر أرحامه، وكان الناس يتعاقدون في الجاهلية على أن الرجل يرث الرجل، فأنزل الله عز وجل (( وأولوا الأرحام بعضهم أولى ببعض في كتاب الله )) دفعا لذلك ، وردا للمواريث إلى ذوي الأرحام ، وقال : (ادعوهم لآبائهم هو أقسط عند الله) - شرح معاني الآثار ٦/ ١١٥
