Bismillah

Al-jawab billahi at-taufeeq (the answer with Allah's guidance)


To make Du'a after Salah is mentioned in the Quran.

Allah Ta'ala says,

"So, when you have finished (your prayer), labor (in supplication),

"and let your longing be for your Lord (in humility). " (Tafseer Jalalain, 94:7,8)

It is Sunnah to stand up to perform the Sunnah Rak'ats which follow the Fardh prayer immediately. However, it is Mustahab to have a separation in between them and make Du'a like the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) used to remain in his place after the Salam as long as it takes to say, "Allahumma Antassalamu Wa Minkas Salamu Tabarakta Ya Zhal Jalali Wal Ikram" and then he stood up to pray the Sunnah prayers. (Nurul Idhah Pg.80, Hashiyat Tahtawi Pg.312)

With regards to the above Hadith Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi WaSallam) would remain in his place as long as saying the Du'a facing towards the Qiblah and sometimes would change direction.

It has been reported by Thawban (RadhiyAllahu Anhu) that when the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) turned away after completing the Salah, he used to say, Astaghfirullah, three times and also say "Allahumma Antassalamu Wa Minkas Salamu Tabarakta Ya Zhal Jalali Wal Ikram." (Muslim)

Aswad Ibn Abdullah narrates from his father: I prayed Fajr with the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam), when he made Salam he turned and raised his hands in Du'a. (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaibah)


To make Zikr after Salah is mentioned in the Quran.

Allah Ta'ala says,

"When you have finished As-Salât, remember Allâh standing, sitting down, and lying down on your sides.." (4:103)

To recite Tasbeehat (pl. Tasbeeh) and Azkar (pl. zikr) after Fardh Salah is Mustahab, agreed by the scholars. However, according to the majority scholars to recite it after the Sunnats or after Fardh before the Sunnats there is no problem.

Uqbah ibn Amir (RadhiyAllahu Anhu) narrates:The Apostle of Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) commanded me to recite Mu'awwidhatain (the last two surahs of the Qur'an) after every prayer. (Abu Dawud, Kitabus Salah)

Abu Hurairah (RadhiyAllahu Anhu) reported: The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said, "He who recites after every prayer: Subhan-Allah (Allah is free from imperfection) thirty-three times; Al-hamdu lillah (praise be to Allah) thirty-three times; Allahu Akbar (Allah is Greatest) thirty-three times; and completes the hundred with: La ilaha illallahu, wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul-mulku wa lahul-hamdu, wa Huwa `ala kulli shai'in Qadir (there is no true god except Allah. He is One and He has no partner with Him. His is the sovereignty and His is the praise, and He is Omnipotent), will have all his sins pardoned even if they may be as large as the foam on the surface of the sea.''
(Muslim).

Fudalah ibn Ubayd (RadhiyAllahu Anhu) narrates: The Apostle of Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) heard a person supplicating during prayer. He did not mention the greatness of Allah, nor did he invoke blessings on the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam). The Apostle of Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said: He made haste.

He then called him and said either to him or to any other person: If any of you prays, he should mention the exaltation of his Lord in the beginning and praise Him; he should then invoke blessings on the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam); thereafter he should supplicate Allah for anything he wishes. (Abu Dawud, Kitabus Salah)

It has been narrated by Yazid ibn Sa'id al-Kindi (RadhiyAllahu Anhu) that When the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) made supplication (to Allah) he would raise his hands and wipe his face with his hands. (Abu Dawud, Kitabus Salah)

(Ad Durrul Mandhud Vol.2 Pg.629-635)
(See also: Hashiyat Tahtawi Pg.313)



And Only Allah Ta'ala Knows Best.