There is no reality to the number which you have provided. If this number were to be true, then as Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wassalam lived in this world 1427 years ago. This calendar beginning from the date of the Hijra took place; Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wassalam was approximately 53 years of age, which totals 1480 years (1427 + 53).
The time gap between Hadhrat Esa Alahis Salaam and Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wassalam was approximately 500 years. So that would mean that approximately 1980 years (1480 + 500) in total have passed from Hadhrat Esa Alahis Salaam up to now. This subsequently means that the other approximate 123,998 Prophets would have been present upon the earth within a space of 3820 (5800-1980) years. Now this would mean that 32 to 33 Prophets were alive each year before Hadhrat Esa Alahis Salaam was born. This is highly unlikely and untrue when one takes into account how many years each of the other Ambiyas lived for and the time gap between each Prophet. Even thought some Prophets did overlap in certain eras and places. The figure given is completely untrue and incorrect.
Also there is ample evidence from authentic can accurate history that many other civilizations existed over 5800 years ago. This is both in the Islamic History books and the western history books. Lastly there are many more things one could use to prove the figure of 5800 years incorrect, such as how long it took for the mountains to form and erode into shape. And how long it took for the lands to split and become continents carrying the off spring of Hadhrat Adam to the four corners of the globe. Nevertheless there is no need to go into detail regarding these matters.
In conclusion I will say that that figure is misleading and untrue,
