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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Virtues Of Encouraging Jihaad
Allah, the Exalted says:
“So fight, [O Muhammad], in the cause of Allah; you are not held responsible except for yourself. And encourage the believers [to join you] that perhaps Allah will restrain the might of those who disbelieve. And Allah is greater in might and stronger in punishment.” (4:84)
“O Prophet, urge the believers to battle. If there are among you twenty steadfast, they will overcome two hundred. And if there are among you one hundred steadfast, they will overcome a thousand of those who have disbelieved because they are people who do not understand.” (8:65)
We will end this chapter with the famous story of Umm Ibrahim رحمة الله عليها. This story was mentioned by scholars like Abu Jaafar al Luban رحمة اللہ علیه. He narrates:
It is mentioned that one of the righteous women in Basra was Umm Ibrahim al Hashimeeyah رحمة الله عليها. The enemy attacked one of the Muslim towns so people were encouraged to join jihad. Abdul Wahid bin Zayd al Basri رحمة اللہ علیه delivered a speech encouraging jihad and among the audience was Umm Ibrahim رحمة الله عليها. Among the things Abdul Wahid talked about was al Hoor (the women of Paradise). Umm Ibrahim رحمة الله عليها stood up and said to Abdul Wahid: “You know my son Ibrahim and you know that the nobility of al Basra wish to have him marry one of their daughters and I have not agreed to one of them yet. But I like this girl you described and I would be happy to marry her to my son. Can you please describe her again?”
Abdul Wahid رحمة اللہ علیه then narrated a poem in the description of the Hoor. Umm Ibrahim رحمة الله عليها said: “I want my son to marry this girl and I would pay you 10,000 dinars as her dowry and you take him with you in this army. He might die as a Shaheed and intercede for me on the Day of Judgment.” Abdul Wahid said: “If you do so, that is great success for you and your son.” She then called her son from the audience. He stood up and said: “Yes my mother!” She said: “Are you pleased to marry this girl with the condition of giving your soul to Allah?” He said: “Yes! I am very pleased!” She said: “O Allah you are my witness that I have married my son to this girl from Paradise with the condition he spends his soul in your sake” Then she went and brought back with her 10,000 dinars and gave it to Abdul Wahid رحمة اللہ علیه and said: “This is her dowry. Take it and use it to provide for the mujahideen” She then purchased for her son a good horse and she armed him. When the army started its march Ibrahim came out with the reciters of Quran surrounding him and reciting:
“Indeed, Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their properties [in exchange] for that they will have Paradise.” (9:111)
When Umm Ibrahim رحمة الله عليها was greeting her son she told him: “Be careful and don’t allow any shortcomings from yourself to be seen by Allah” She them embraced him and kissed him and said: “May Allah never bring us together except on the Day of Judgment!”
Abdul Wahid رحمة اللہ علیه said: “When we reached the enemy’s territory and people were called to fight. Ibrahim was in the front and he killed many of the enemy but then they overwhelmed him and killed him. On our way back I told my soldiers not to tell Umm Ibrahim رحمة الله عليها that her son was killed until I tell her. When we entered al Basra she met me and said: “Did Allah accept my gift so I can celebrate or was it rejected so I should cry?” I said: “Allah did accept your gift and your son died as a Shaheed” She then prostrated to thank Allah and said: “Thank you Allah for accepting my gift” The following day she came to me in the mosque and said: “Rejoice!” I said: “What good news do you have?” She said: “I saw my son Ibrahim رحمة اللہ علیه last night in a dream. He was in a beautiful garden dressed in green clothes, sitting on a throne made of pearl and he had a crown on his head. He told me: “Rejoice my mother! I got married to my bride!”
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Virtue Of Racing Towards Jihaad
Allah, the Exalted, says:
“And the forerunners, the forerunners. Those are the ones brought close to Allah” (56:10-11)[145]
'Uthman Ibn Abi Sawdah رحمه الله said we where told that the forerunners mentioned in the verses are the first to go out on jihad and the first to go to Salah. [146]
'Uthman رحمه الله is one of the Imams of the Tabi’een and one of their fighters. He was asked: Are you going out to fight this year? He said: “Yes, I wouldn’t want to miss fighting even if I were to make 100,000 dinars”
Al Hassan Ibn Abil Hassan رضي الله عنه said that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم sent an army and among them was Mu'aadh Ibn Jabal رضي الله عنه. He was late in going out with the army so the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم saw him and said: “I see that your company are one month ahead of you in Paradise!” Mu'aadh رضي الله عنه said: “O Messenger of Allah I only stayed behind in order to catch the prayer with you and so that you can make dua for me in order to make me ahead of my company in rewards!” The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “No, they are ahead of you. Go and catch up with them” Then he said: “A journey in the morning in the cause of Allah is better than the world and everything on it, and a journey at the end of the day in the cause of Allah is better than the world and everything on it” [147]
Anas Ibn Malik رضي الله عنه narrated: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “A journey in the early morning in the cause of Allah is better than the world and everything on it, and a journey at the end of the day in the cause of Allah is better than the world and everything on it” [148]
Imam An-Nawawi رحمه الله: The hadith does not restrict reward to the beginning or end of the day. It is just to point out that by spending a very little time in the cause of Allah carries a very great reward [149]
Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه narrated: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Whoever goes out in his cause with no purpose but to fight in his sake and believing in Him and His Messengers, Allah will guarantee for him to either enter him into Paradise or to return him home with rewards or booty. In the name of whom Muhammad’s soul is in His hand, whoever is injured in the path of Allah, the injury would come on the Day of Judgment as it was in this world, the color is that of blood and the smell is that of musk. In the name of whom Muhammad’s soul is in His hand, if it wasn’t for making things difficult on Muslims I wouldn’t have stayed behind any army leaving in the path of Allah. But I am unable to find sustenance for the Muslims who stay behind and they have nothing and it is difficult for them for me to leave them. In the name of whom Muhammad’s soul is in His hand, I wish I could fight in the cause of Allah and then be killed and then fight and then be killed and then fight and then be killed” [150]
'Abdullah Ibn Muhaireez رحمه الله narrates that his father was sent in the army of the summer and he became extremely ill. He said: “O my son carry me into the land of the Romans” So I carried him and was still taking through the land when he said: “My son, go fast” I said, “Father, but you are ill!” He said, “My son, I want my death to meet me in the land of the Romans” I continued carrying him until he died in Hims.
The son said “I was worried how would I find anyone to pray on him janazah in the land of the enemy. I then saw ranks of men whom I never saw before praying on my father!” [151], [152]
Sa'ad Ibn 'Abdul Azeez said Abu Muslim al Khawlani died in the territory of the Romans during the reign of Sayyiduna Ameer Mu’aawiyah رضي الله عنه. He told Bisr Ibn Arta’ah رضي الله عنه (a companion who was the leader of their army): “Appoint me as the Amir (leader) over the dead and hand me the banner of war and make my grave the closest of all the graves of the martyrs to the enemy. I want to be resurrected on the Day of Judgment carrying the banner of war leading the martyrs.” [153]
Notes
145 (al Waqi’ah 10-11)
146 (Ibn Abi Shaybah (authentic))
147 (al Sunan)
148 (Bukhari)
149 [Remember that statements like: “in the cause of Allah”, “in the path of Allah”, or “in the sake of Allah” are all translations of the clause: “fi sabeel illah” in Arabic which, as mentioned in the beginning of the book, means jihad.]
150 (Muslim)
151 (Ibn Asakir)
152 Trans. Note: [Those men must have been angels sent by Allah to perform prayers on this righteous man]
153 (Ibn Asakir)
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Virtues Of The Dust In The Path Of Allah سبحانه و تعالى
The Messenger of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Whoever has his feet dirty in the path of Allaah سبحانه و تعالى, Allaah سبحانه و تعالى will save him from the Hellfire” [154]
Abu Dardaa رضي الله عنه narrated: The Messenger of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Allaah سبحانه و تعالى will not combine in the lungs of His servant the dust of the path of Allaah سبحانه و تعالى with the smoke of Hellfire, and whoever gets his feet dirty in the path of Allaah سبحانه و تعالى, Allaah سبحانه و تعالى will keep him away from Hellfire the distance of 1000 years travel for a fast horse, and whoever is injured in the path of Allaah سبحانه و تعالى will receive the seal of martyrdom. The injury comes on the Day of Judgment with the color of saffron and the smell of musk. It is a sign that would be recognized by the all the creation, the beginning and the end. They will say: “He has the stamp of martyrs.” And whoever fights in the path of Allaah for a period equivalent to the time it takes to milk a camel is guaranteed Paradise” [155]
Notes
154 (Bukhari)
155 (Ahmad)
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Virtues Of Riding The Sea In Jihad
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: 'The first army that will fight a naval battle in my Ummah will have made Jannah (Paradise) compulsory on themselves.'
Umm Haraam رضي الله عنها heard the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم say: “The first of my Ummah to ride the sea in the cause of Allah are forgiven” Umm Haraam said, “O Messenger of Allah am I among them” He صلى الله عليه وسلم said “Yes you are” He then said, “The first army of my Ummah to attack the city of Caesar are forgiven” She said, “Am I among them?” He صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “No”[156], [157]
The first naval force was in fact headed by Hadrat Ameer Mu'awiyah رضي الله عنه during the Caliphate of Hadrat 'Uthman رضي الله عنه
Kaab al Ahbar رحمة اللہ علیه said: “When a man first sets his foot on the ship he leaves all his sins behind him and becomes clean like the day he was born. And the one who suffers seasickness is like the injured who is pouring his blood in the path of Allah. And the one who is patient in the sea is like a king with a crown on his head. [158]
Hayy al Ma’afiri رحمة اللہ علیه said they were sitting with Abdullah Ibn 'Amr رضي الله عنه under the Alexandria lighthouse when the ships of jihad embarked on their journey. 'Abdullah رضي الله عنه said: “O Maslamah, tell me where are the sins of those people?” He said: “They are hanging on their necks!” Abdullah رضي الله عنه said: “No they are not. In the name of Allah whom my soul is in his hands, they left all there sins on these beaches, with the exception of their debts”
Abdullah Ibn 'Amr رضي الله عنه said: “Allah laughs at the mujahideen of the sea many times. He laughs at them when they first ride the ship leaving their families and wealth behind. He laughs at them when the ship starts to rock in the sea. And He laughs at them when they first see the shore” [159], [160]
The author of al Mughni (Ibn Qudamah Al-Maqdisee رحمه الله) and others from the school of Imam Ahmad رحمه الله state that the expeditions of the sea are greater in reward than those of land since it is more difficult and dangerous.
In my opinion there should be no difference of opinion in that due to the aforementioned ahadeeth that state the great status of jihad in the sea. It should be stated however that one should not ride the sea when it is so dangerous that the likelihood of survival is very slim.
Notes
156 (Bukhari)
157 [This hadith is an indication of the special honor of naval warfare and fighting the Romans.]
158 (Saeed bin Mansoor in his sunnan with an agreeable chain to Kaab)
159 (Ibn Abi Shaybah (Mawqoof))
160 [It is mentioned in hadith that if Allah laughs at someone that person will never be punished in Hellfire]
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Virtues Of Horses And Keeping Them For The Purpose Of Jihad
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says:
"And make ready against them all you can of power, including steeds of war (tanks, planes, missiles, artillery, etc.) to threaten the enemy of Allaah and your enemy, and others besides whom, you may not know but whom Allah does know. And whatever you shall spend in the Cause of Allaah shall be repaid unto you, and you shall not be treated unjustly." (8:60)
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayra رضي الله عنه narrated: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: "Whoever keeps a horse for the sake of Allah, believing in Allah and His promise, then the horse's feeding, drinking, droppings, and urine are going to be on his scale of good deeds on the Day of Judgement." [al-Bukhari]
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Virtue Of Fear In The Path Of Allaah (عز و جل)
Sayyiduna Salman رضي الله عنه said: “If the heart of the believer trembles in the path of Allah, that would shake down his sins just like the shaking of a cluster of dates,” [164]
Sayyiduna 'Abdullah Ibn 'Amr Ibn al-'Aas رضي الله عنهما narrated: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Any expedition that fights in the path of Allah and wins or comes back safe have already received two thirds of their reward. While an army that looses, feels fear and is hurt, have their entire reward reserved for them.” [165]
Notes
164 (Ibn al Mubarak – Ibn Abi Shayba – Tabarani (Mawqoof))
165 (Muslim)
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Virtues Of Standing In The Ranks On The Battlefield
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says:
"Verily, Allah loves those who fight in His Cause in rows (ranks) as if they were a solid structure." (61:4)
Sayyiduna Sahl Ibn Sa'd as-Sa’di رضي الله عنه narrated: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Two moments, Allah سبحانه و تعالى opens in them the gates of the heavens and when that happens hardly ever would a prayer be rejected: During the call to prayer and when the armies line up their ranks.” [167]
Sayyiduna Ibn Umar رضي الله عنهما said: “To stand in the ranks facing the enemy even without me striking my sword, throwing my spear, or shooting my arrows, is better to me than worshiping Allah سبحانه و تعالى for 60 years and not committing any sin.” [168]
Sayyiduna 'Imran Ibn Husayn رضي الله عنه narrated: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Standing in the ranks of the army in the battlefield is better to Allah سبحانه و تعالى than the worship of sixty years.” [169]
Sayyiduna Yazeed Ibn Shajarah رضي الله عنه (a companion) said: “I was told that swords are keys to Paradise.” [170]
Sayyiduna 'Abdullah Ibn 'Amr رضي الله عنهما said: Shall I tell you about the best martyr on the Day of Judgement? That is the one who stands in the ranks on the battlefield and when they face the enemy he does not turn left or right. Rather he carries his sword and says: “O Allah! Today I hand over to you my soul to make up for my past days!” and then he is killed. That person is among the martyrs who now lay down in the high rooms of Paradise wherever they wish!” (Ibn al-Mubarak)
Notes:
167 (Abu Dawud)
168 (Al Jami)
169 (Al Hakim (authentic according to al Bukhari's rules and agreed by adh-Dhahabi))
170 (Abdur Razzaq with an authentic chain to Yazeed)
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Farewell Of The Fighters
Sayyiduna Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq رضي الله عنه escorted an army and walked with them and then said: “Praise be to Allah for having dust on our feet in his cause.” A man said: “But we just escorted them and gave them farewell?” Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه said: “We prepared them, gave them farewell and made prayers for them."
Note:
171 (al Mussanaf by ibn Abi Shaybah – al Sunnan al kubra by al Bayhaqi)
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
Chapter 3: The Virtues Of Spending In The Cause Of Allaah سبحانه و تعالى
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says:
"Who is he that will lend to Allaah a goodly loan so that He may multiply it to him many times? And it is Allaah that decreases or increases (your provisions), and unto Him you shall return." (2:245)
"The likeness of those who spend their wealth in the Way of Allaah, is as the likeness of a grain (of corn); it grows seven ears, and each ear has a hundred grains. Allaah gives manifold increase to whom He pleases. And Allaah is All-Sufficient for His creatures' needs, All-Knower." (2:261)
74. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم prayed to Allah سبحانه و تعالى to give his Ummah more. Allah سبحانه و تعالى revealed: “Who is it that would loan Allah a goodly loan so He may multiply it for him many times over?” The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم asked for more. Allah سبحانه و تعالى revealed: “Indeed, the patient will be given their reward without account [i.e. limit]." (see 39:10) [174]
75. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Whoever spends in the path of Allah, it would be multiplied for them 700 times.” [175]
76. A man came to the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم with a camel in the cause of Allah. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “You will be given on the Day of Judgment 700 camels.” [176]
77. Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه narrated: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Whoever spends a pair in the cause of Allah would be called on the Day of Judgment to enter into Paradise. The people of prayer will be called from the gate of prayer, the people of jihad would be called from the gate of jihad, the people of sadaqah would be called from the gate of sadaqah, and the people of fasting would be called from the gate of Rayaan.” Sayyiduna Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq رضي الله عنه said, “Would there be anyone who would be called from all of those gates?” The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “Yes, and you are one of them.” [177]
78. Sasa’ah Ibn Mu’awyah رضي الله عنه said I went to Abu Dharr’s رضي الله عنه house and didn’t find him. I then met him coming back with a camel with water on its back for his house. I asked him: “Are you Abu Dharr?” He said: “That’s what my family call me” I said, “Can you narrate to me something you heard from the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسل, may Allah benefit me with it?” He said, “The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Whoever spends a pair in the cause of Allah will have the gatekeepers of Paradise rushing towards him on the Day of Judgment competing on who would be the one to invite him” I said, “What is a pair?” He said, “A pair of horses or a pair of camels.” [178]
79. Thawban رضي الله narrated: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “The best dinar you could spend is the one you spend to feed your family, the dinar you spend on your mount in the cause of Allah, and the dinar you spend on your companions in the cause of Allah.” [179]
80. When the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم was exhorting the sahabah to donate for the preparation of the battle of Tabook, Uthman bin Affaan رضي الله عنه came to the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم carrying a thousand dinars (gold coins) and he poured it on the lap of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم was tossing the coins and turning them while he kept on saying again and again: “Whatever Uthman does after this day won’t harm him!” [180]
81. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “O Allaah be pleased with 'Uthman because I am pleased with him.” [181]
82. at-Tabari رحمه الله said: Uthman رضي الله عنه first came with 300 camels full with their saddles, then he came in with 1000 gold dinars, then when he saw that the army is still short he brought in horses and camels up to a total of a 1000. When that wasn’t enough he sent in 10,000 dinars and 20 horses.
Notes:
174 (al Bayhaqi)
175 (Tirmithi – Nasa’i – ibn Habbaan – al –Hakim – Ahmad (authentic))
176 (Muslim – al Hakim)
177 (Ahmad – Bukhari – Muslim – Nasa’I)
178 (al Hakim – Ahmad – Nasa’I)
179 (Muslim)
180 (Ahmad – Tirmithi)
181 (Ibn Hishaam)
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The Punishment Of Withholding Wealth From Being Spent In The Path Of Allaah سبحانه و تعالى
Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says:
"And spend in the Cause of Allah (i.e. Jihad of all kinds, etc.) and do not throw yourselves into destruction (by not spending your wealth in the Cause of Allah), and do good. Truly, Allah loves Al-Muhsinun (the good-doers)." (2:195)
Huthaifah رضي الله عنه said the meaning of the ayah is that when people do not spend their wealth in the path of Allah they are throwing themselves into destruction. [183]
Ibn Abi Hatim رحمه الله in his tafseer says that this is the opinion of: Ibn Abbaas, Ikrimah, al Hassan, Mujahid, Atta, Saeed bin Jubair, Abi Saleh, al Dhahak, al Suddi, Muqatil bin Hayaan, Qatadah, and others رضي الله عنهم.
Al Qurtubi رحمه الله states in his tafseer that Huthaifah, ibn Abbas, Atta, Ikrimah, Mujahid and others رضي الله عنهم say that you shouldn’t refrain from spending in the cause of Allah for fear of poverty. This is also the opinion of Bukhari and he didn’t mention any other opinion.
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says:
"O you who believe! Verily, there are many of the (Jewish) rabbis and the (Christian) monks who devour the wealth of mankind in falsehood, and hinder (them) from the Way of Allah (i.e. Allah's Religion of Islamic Monotheism). And those who hoard up gold and silver [Al-Kanz: the money, the Zakat of which has not been paid], and spend it not in the Way of Allah, -announce unto them a painful torment. On the Day when that (Al-Kanz: money, gold and silver, etc., the Zakat of which has not been paid) will be heated in the Fire of Hell and with it will be branded their foreheads, their flanks, and their backs, (and it will be said unto them):-'This is the treasure which you hoarded for yourselves. Now taste of what you used to hoard.'" (9:34-35)
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says:
"Behold! You are those who are called to spend in the Cause of Allah, yet among you are some who are niggardly. And whoever is niggardly, it is only at the expense of his ownself. But Allah is Rich (Free of all wants), and you (mankind) are poor. And if you turn away (from Islam and the obedience of Allah), He will exchange you for some other people, and they will not be your likes." (47:38)
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says:
"And what is the matter with you that you spend not in the Cause of Allah? And to Allah belongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth. Not equal among you are those who spent and fought before the conquering (of Makkah) (with those among you who did so later). Such are higher in degree than those who spent and fought afterwards. But to all, Allah has promised the best (reward). And Allah is All-Aware of what you do." (57:10)
Asslam Abi Imran رحمه الله said we were in an army heading from Madina towards Constantinople. The head of the army was Abdur Rahman Ibn Khalid Ibn al-Waleed رحمه الله. The Romans had their backs facing the gates of the city. A man from among us rushed alone towards the enemy. Some people said: “There is no God but Allah! He is throwing himself into destruction!” Abu Ayub al-Ansari رضي الله عنه (a companion) said: “This verse was revealed speaking about us the Ansar. When Allah عز و جل gave His Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم victory and Islam prevailed, we said let’s go back to our businesses and take care of it. Allah عز و جل then revealed the verse “And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw yourselves with your own hands into destruction. And do good; Indeed, Allah loves the doers of good” So throwing our selves into destruction meant going back to our farms and businesses and leaving jihad” Abu Imran رحمه الله said: “Abu Ayub remained in jihad until he was buried in Constantinople.” [187]
Al Qasim Ibn Mukhamarah رحمه الله (tabi’ee) said: “destruction is withholding spending in the cause of Allah but if a man alone attacks ten thousand strong of the enemy that is fine and Allah knows best.” [188]
Shaytaan may tell you that since you might die why not leave your wealth behind for your family. This thought is only accepted by one who has little trust in Allah. It shows the existence of doubts in Allah’s ability to provide. Because if you believe that you are nothing but a middleman between Allah and your family and that in reality it is not you who is providing for them, then you would not worry for your family after you die.
Abu Dharr رضي الله عنه said the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم saw me entering and he was sitting under the shade of al Kabah. When he saw me he said: “In the name of the Lord of al Kaabah, they are the great losers!” I couldn’t help but go to him and ask him whom they were? He said: “The wealthy. Except for those who spend it like this” and he waved his hand left, right and behind. Then he said: “And few are they!” [189]
Notes:
183 (Bukhari)
187 (Abu Dawud – Tirmithi – al Hakim)
188 (al Sunan al Kubra – al Tabari in tafseer)
189 (Muslim – Bukhari)
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Virtues Of Providing For The Fighters In Allaah’s Path And Taking Care Of Their Families
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri رضي الله عنه said the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم sent an army to Bani Lahyan. He said from every two men one goes out. Then he told the ones staying behind: “Whoever of you takes care of his brother’s family until he comes back would receive half the reward of those who went out.” [190]
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Whoever provides for a fighter in the cause of Allah has actually fought, and whoever takes care of the family of a fighter has actually fought” [191]
Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ood رضي الله عنه said: “For me to equip a fighter with a whip is better to me than making hajj.” [192]
Sayyiduna 'Uday Ibn Hatem رضي الله عنه asked the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم about the best sadaqah. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Serving your companions in the path of Allah” He said and then what? The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Building a structure that would provide them with shade” He said, "And then what?" The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “A saddle for a horse in the path of Allah” (Sunnan Sa'eed Ibn Mansoor)
'Aamir Ibn Qays (tabi’i) used to participate in jihad against the Romans. He had a mule, which he would share with al Muhajireen. When he is about to join an army he would go around glancing at the faces of people studying them. If he sees a group of men who would suit him he would walk up to them and say: “I would like to join you but I have three conditions” They would say: “What are they” He would say:
“1) That I become your servant and I don’t want anyone competing with me in that.
2) I become the one who calls the Adhan among you and I don’t want anyone to compete with me in that.
3) I cover your expenses according to my ability.”
If they agree he would join them. If they ever compete with him he would depart them and move on to find another group. [193]
The early Muslims if they go out in armies they would strive to serve others and to make their company happy. They would prefer others to themselves. They would do all that for the sake of Allah and to gain His pleasure.
Notes:
190 (Muslim)
191 (Bukhari – Muslim)
192 (Ibn al Mubarak – ibn Abi Shaybah)
193 (Ibn al Mubarak)
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
Chapter 4: The Virtue Of Ribaat (The Stationing) And The Virtue Of One Who Dies In Ribaat
Allah سبحانه و تعالى says:
"And when the sacred months have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, let them [go] on their way. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." (9:5)
O you who believe! Endure and be more patient (than your enemy), and guard your territory by stationing army units permanently at the places from where the enemy can attack you, and fear Allah, so that you may be successful." (3:200)
Al Hassan رحمه الله said the meaning of “persevere and endure” in the verse is that the Muslims were commanded to outdo the nonbelievers in endurance and steadfastness until the nonbelievers end up giving up their religion.
Ibn Jareer رحمه الله stated: Muhammad bin Kaab al Quradhi used to say about this verse: Be stationed in the cause of Allah until he (the nonbeliever) leaves his religion for yours.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Being stationed for a day in the cause of Allah is better than the world and everything on it.” [197]
Salman al Farisi رضي الله عنه said: The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Being stationed in the path of Allah for a day is greater than fasting the days of a month and praying its nights. And if he dies the rewards of the deeds he used to do would continue and his provisions would continue and he would be spared the trial of the angels of the grave.” [198]
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Every dead person would have his deeds sealed, except the one stationed in the path of Allah, for they would have their deeds grow until the Day of Judgment, and they would be spared the tribulation of the angels of the grave.” [199]
Al Qurtubi رحمه الله states: “This means that Ribaat provides the greatest reward of all after death. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم says: “If the son of Adam dies, his deeds would terminate except for a charity that he leaves behind, knowledge that benefits, or a righteous son who would pray for him.” [200]
Charity, knowledge, and a righteous son would all end one day. It would end when the charity runs out, when the knowledge is left and when his son dies. But the rewards of the one stationed in the path of Allah continue until the Day of Judgment. That is because all good deeds cannot be practiced except when safety from the enemy is provided and that is done by the mujahideen who are stationed and guarding the Ummah.”
Uthman رضي الله عنه stood on the pulpit and said: “I heard from the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم a hadith that I didn’t tell you about previously because I feared you would all leave from Madinah. I heard him say: “Being stationed in the path of Allah for a day is better than a 1000 days anywhere else. So let everyone choose what they like.” [201]
The hadith of Uthman رضي الله عنه is a clear evidence that being stationed in the path of Allah سبحانه و تعالى for a day in the land of war is better than spending a thousand days in any other place including Makkah, Madina, and Jerusalem. That is why Uthman رضي الله عنه didn’t tell them the hadith before. It was because he was worried they would all leave him.
There are Sahaba and Tabi’een رضي الله عنهم whose numbers only Allah سبحانه و تعالى can count who left Makkah and Madinah and headed to the coasts of al Sham being stationed their until they either died as a shaheed or died a natural death.
Al Harith Ibn Hisham رضي الله عنه (the brother of Abu Jahl) was leaving Makkah to jihad so the people of Makkah mourned him. Multitudes of people followed him out of Makkah until he reached to al Badha’ with the people around him crying. When he saw that he himself cried and then said: “O people, I am not leaving you because you are not dear to me. Nor am I leaving this town because I prefer some other place. But this affair started (Islam) and some men went out. They were not among the most noble of us. We then woke up, but in the name of Allah if the mountains of Makkah turn into gold and we spend it in the cause of Allah we won’t catch up with one day of their days. Now if they are ahead of us in this world we are going to try to catch them up in the Hereafter. I am traveling to Allah.” He went to al Sham. He then dies as a Shaheed in the battle of al Yarmuk. [202]
Ibn Taymiyah رحمه الله said it is the consensus of all the scholars that for a man to spend time stationed in the path of Allah سبحانه و تعالى is better then staying in Makkah, Madinah, or Jerusalem.
Ibn al Munthir رحمه الله conveyed that Imam Ahmad رحمه الله was asked: Which is more beloved to you: Staying in Makkah or being stationed in the path of Allah سبحانه و تعالى? He said: Being stationed is more beloved to me. Imam Ahmad رحمه الله also said: Nothing is equivalent in our view to fighting and stationing in the path of Allah سبحانه و تعالى.
A man asked Imam Malik رحمه الله: Which do you prefer: for me to stay in Madinah or Alexandria? He said: Stay in Alexandria. [203]
Also the prayer in Ribaat is multiplied. So is fasting, remembrance Allah سبحانه و تعالى, recitation of Quran, and spending of wealth in the sake of Allah سبحانه و تعالى
Uthman رضي الله عنه said: “Allah سبحانه و تعالى has instructed us to become Muslims and we did. So we are the Muslims. He then ordered us to make hijrah so we, the people of Makkah, are the Muhajireen. He then told us to fight jihad and you did. So you, the people of al Sham, are the mujahideen. Spent money on your self and your family and the needy around you. Since if you go out with a single dirham and bought some meat with it and you ate it you and your family you will be rewarded as spending 700 dirhams!” [204]
The spending in al Sham is multiplied if it is during the era of Uthman رضي الله عنه because all of al Sham was a land of Ribaat. It was expected then that the enemy could descend on any part of it. But know that applies only to frontiers of it which are prone to attacks by the enemy.
The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “There will be people from my nation who will protect the borders. They will fulfill their duty, but they will not be given what is due to them. They are from me and I am from them.” [205]
Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه narrated: The Messenger of صلى الله عليه وسلم Allah said: “Among the best livelihoods of people is that of a man holding the rein of his horse in the path of Allah, flying on its back whenever he hears the call. He flies in search of killing or being killed. And a man on top of a mountain peak or on the bottom of a deep valley, establishing prayers, paying his zakah, and worshiping his Lord until death visits him. People see nothing from him but good.” [206]
Two men came to the companion Abdullah Ibn al-Harith Ibn Jaz’i az-Zabeedi رضي الله عنه. He said welcome and handed them a pillow he was sitting on. They said: “We did not come for this but we came for you to tell us something that would benefit us (a hadith.) He said: “Whoever does not treat his guests with generosity does not belong to Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم and Ibrahim عليه السلام. Blessed is he who spends his night holding the rein of his horse in the path of Allah, having a piece of dry bread and water as his breakfast. And woe to those who are feeding like cows, saying: “Servant! Take this and servant! Bring that” All of that and they are not even remembering Allah.” [207]
Notes:
194 Ribaat: Is the stationing in a land bordering the enemy for the purpose of jihad. The land of Ribaat is a land that is under threat of attack by the enemies of Islam. The one who is stationed in Ribaat is called a Murabit.
195 (al Tawbah 5)
196 (aal Imran 200)
197 (Bukhari)
198 (Muslim)
199 (Abu Dawud – al Hakim)
200 (Muslim)
201 (Mussanaf ibn Abi Shaybah – al Tirmithi – al Nasa’I)
202 (Ibn al Mubarak)
203 [Alexandria was a land of Ribaat because of the Roman attacks from the sea]
204 (The history of the city of Damascus)
205 (ibn al Mubarak (agreeable))
206 (Muslim)
207 (Ibn al Mubarak)
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Ibn an-Nuhaas (رحمه الله)
The Period Of Being Stationed
Imam Ahmad رحمه الله was asked: Is there any period for being stationed? He said, “Forty days.”
Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه said: “For me to be stationed for one night next to the sea and protecting the Muslims behind me is better than spending the night of al Qadr in the masjid of al Kaabah or the masjid of the Messenger of Allah. And spending three days in Ribaat is equal to a whole year, and the most complete period of Ribaat is forty days.” [208]
A man from al Ansar came to Umar رضي الله عنه. Umar رضي الله عنه asked him: “Where were you?” He said: “I was in Ribaat” Umar رضي الله عنه said: “For how long?” He said: “Thirty days” Umar رضي الله عنه said: “You should have completed it forty.” [209]
Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه said: “If you spent three days in Ribaat then let the worshipers worship as they wish!” [210] [211]
The commanded Ribaat is for a person to station himself to a vulnerable land where the enemy is expected to attack (the word Ribaat comes from rabat which is to tie). The Murabit does that with intention of fighting the enemy or guarding the land or even to increase the number of Muslims in that land. The more dangerous the land is the more rewarding it becomes whether it is a sea port or otherwise. Imam Malik does not consider Ribaat in Jeddah to be Ribaat because the enemy only attacked it once. Imam Malik رحمه الله was also asked his opinion on the ones who live in the land of Ribaat with there families. He said they are not considered Murabiteen. Because the Murabit is the one who leaves from his home with the intention of Ribaat in a land of danger.
It appears to me that the one who are living in an area of Ribaat and the only intention he has in staying there is jihad or guarding the land, and this person has the ability to move to another place without difficulty, my opinion is that such a person is a Murabit and would be rewarded accordingly even if he is accompanied by his family. The Sahabah and the Tabi’een used to live in the land of Ribaat with their families with the intention of Ribaat.
Maybe what Imam Malik رحمه الله meant was those who were born in the land of Ribaat and brought up there and they lived there because it was their homeland and the place where their families lived and they are not there for the purpose of Ribaat. This is also the opinion of ibn Atyah رحمه الله. He states that: “The ones who live in the land of Ribaat because it is their home and the place of their work are considered protectors of the land but not Murabiteen”
So the one who lives in the land of Ribaat for a purpose that does not exist in other places, or because his family insist on living there, or for the purpose of work is not a Murabit. Also, if a person is in the place of Ribaat and the danger of the enemy ceases to exist and nevertheless this person continues to live in that place, that is an indication that the purpose of such a person is not jihad and thus, the person does not qualify as a Murabit.
Now if there is a person living in the land of Ribaat and his intention is that whenever the enemy attacks he would run away, then such a person is living in a state of sin. Because the moment the enemy attacks it becomes a major sin to run away. So such a person is better off moving from the land of Ribaat because he is accumulating sin all the time with such an intention.
Notes:
209 (AbdulRazaq)
210 (Ibn Abi Shaybah (authentic))
211 [Meaning if you spends 3 days in Ribaat no worshiper could catch up with you no matter what they do and no matter for how long they do it!]
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