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Hadhrat Imaam Muhammad Ibn Isma'eel al-Bukhaari (A.R) (d. 256 A.H)

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Link to this post Posted on 1st July 2011 11:18
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He was a Mujtahid on his own even though Ulema have classified him as a Shaafi’ee because many of his famous rulings correspond to those of Imaam Shaafi’ee (A.R). The Saheeh Bukhari is the gleaming sun amongst all the books of Ahadeeth. The Ahadeeth are arranged in accordance to the chapters of Fiqh and are so comprehensive that no match can be found before it. It was afterwards that Imaam Tirmidhi (A.R) and Imaam Nasa'ee (A.R) followed this precedent.

The chain of Ahadeeth that the Shias have is altogether different and they have their own books of Ahadeeth. The Ulema know well that they have nothing as authentic and comprehensive as this. Although the Saheeh of Imaam Muslim (A.R) contains all relevant Ahadeeth in one place, as well as all the chains of narrators of a particular hadith in one place, the Saheeh of Imaam Bukhari (A.R) is still regarded as the emperor because of the perspective of Fiqh that it contains and because of the extreme authenticity of the narrations.

If any book of Ahadeeth had to compare with the Saheeh of Imaam Bukhari (A.R) in terms of Fiqh, it would be the Sunan of Imaam Abu Dawood (A.R) and the work of Imaam Tahaawi (A.R).

1) Imaam Bukhari (A.R) regarded three Talaaqs (divorces) issued in one sitting to be nothing less than three Talaaqs. [Bukhari Vol.2 Pg.791]

2) He also never performed less than three Rakaahs of Witr salaah. In support thereof, he quotes one of the learned scholars of the past as saying, “I have seen people performing three rakaahs of Witr salaah ever since I came of age.” [Bukhari Vol.1 Pg.135].

3) He was of the opinion that people should greet each other using both hands.
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Lineage


Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) is known as Ameerul Mu'mineen fil Hadeeth (Leader of the Believers in Hadeeth). His full name was Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Isma'eel Ibn Ibraheem Ibn al-Mughira Ibn Bardizbah al-Bukhari.

He was born after the Jumu'ah prayer on the 13th of Shawwal in 194 A.H., in the city of Bukhaara which is now in the country of Uzbekistan. (Muqadamah Fathul Bari)
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Imam Bukhari's (رحمه الله) Upbringing


There have been very few households in history in which the father and child were scholars of hadeeth. Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) was fortunate to be born in one such household. His father (رحمه الله) was not only knowledgeable in hadeeth but also a very successful business man. At the time of his death he said, "In my entire wealth there is not a single dirham of haram and nor is there a single dirham acquired from anything which I had doubt in (about whether it was haram or not)." [Muqadamah Fathul Bari]
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Imam Bukhari's father (رحمه الله) died while he was still a child. This meant that he grew up an orphan. Though at a disadvantage, this did not stop him from becoming one of the greatest scholars of hadeeth of all times if not the greatest, as his mother spent all the money they had inherited on her child's education.
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His mother, like his father, was pious, god fearing and very close to Allaah (سبحانه و تعالى). It is reported that Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) lost his eyesight in early childhood and the doctors at the time were unable to cure him. His mother didn't lose hope and constantly prayed to Allaah (سبحانه و تعالى). She was reported as saying that, "I cried so much that I thought my kidneys would burst."

One night she saw the Prophet Ibraheem (عليه السلام) in her dream saying to her, "Because of your constant supplication, Allaah (سبحانه و تعالى) has returned the eyesight of your child." She immediately went to her child Muhammad Ibn Isma'eel (رحمه الله) and found that his eyesight had been restored.
(Muqadamah Fathul Bari)
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Education


It was the custom of the time that children memorised the Qur'aan first and then moved onto studying Arabic and other Islamic knowledge. So like most of the children of that era, Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) memorised the Qur'aan before the age of ten. When Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) was asked when he began seeking the knowledge of Hadeeth he (رحمه الله) replied, "I was inspired to memorise the haddeth at the age of ten." [Tarikh Baghdad]
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Early Days


Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) relates, "As a child I would attend the circles of of the jurists of Marw and I was too shy to greet them with salaam." Once, of the teachers asked, "How many ahadeeth have you written today?" I replied, "Two." Those that were present began to laugh. A Shaykh from amongst them said, "Do not laugh at him, as it is possible that one day he may laugh at you." (Imam Bukhari / Shaykh Kamil Muhammad)
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Small Genius


Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) began to attend the hadeeth circles of Imam Dakhilee (رحمه الله). An example of Imam Bukhari's (رحمه الله) maturity was illustrated in an incident that occurred whilst he attended one of these circles.

Imam Dakhilee (رحمه الله) was teaching hadeeth when he made a mistake in relating the chain. He said, "Sufyan (رحمه الله) from Abu Zubair (رحمه الله) from Ibraheem (رحمه الله)." Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله), at the time only a child of eleven, said, "Oh Shaykh, Abu Zubair (رحمه الله) does not relate from Ibraheem (رحمه الله)." Imam Dakhilee (رحمه الله) on seeing that the speaker was a child who perhaps was deceiving him, reproached him. Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) replied, "If you do not believe me, go and look at the original script if you still have it."

Imam Dakhilee (رحمه الله) went and looked at the original and found it to be as Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) had said. To test Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله), Imam Dakhilee (رحمه الله) asked, "Tell me, how should it be?" Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) replied, "It is Zubair Ibn Adee (رحمه الله) from Ibraheem (رحمه الله)." Imam Dakhilee (رحمه الله) took the pen of Imam Bukhari (رحمه الله) and rectified his mistake.
[Tareekh Baghdad]
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Until the age of sixteen he learned under the scholars of his locality and memorised the books of Ibn al-Mubaarak (رحمه الله), Waki' (رحمه الله), the fiqh of Imam Abu Hanifa (رحمه الله), and everything related to it. Then in 210 A.H he went to Hijaz (which comprises Makkah and Madinah) with his mother and brother for Hajj. (Tarikh Baghdad)
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After Hajj, his mother and brother Ahmad returned while Imam Bukhari (رحمة اللہ علیه) remained and studied under scholars like Abul Waleed al-Azruki (رحمة اللہ علیه), 'Abdullah Ibn Yazeed (رحمة اللہ علیه), and al-Humaide (رحمة اللہ علیه).

It was here that his teacher Humaide (رحمة اللہ علیه) had a dispute with somebody regarding some hadeeth. His teacher, on seeing Imam Bukhari (رحمة اللہ علیه), said, 'He will decide.' The argument was presented, and Imam Bukhari (رحمة اللہ علیه), on seeing that his teacher was right, ruled in his favour.

At the age of eighteen he left for Madeena and studied under masters like Mutarrif Ibn 'Abdullah (رحمة اللہ علیه), Ibraheem Ibn Hamza (رحمة اللہ علیه), and others. It was here that he wrote his books Qadayas Sahabah wat Tabi'een, and at-Tareekh al-Kabeer, next to the grave of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم).
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