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Fardh (Compulsory Actions) of Salah: Skipping them will deliberately or forgetfully will invalidate the prayer.
- Takbeer Tahreema.
- Qiyaam (standing position).
- Qir’aa (reciting of at least three aayats or one long aayat of the Qur’aan).
- Ruku (to bow down).
- Both the Sujood (prostrations).
- Qaa’dah Akheerah (to sit so long at the end of the last Rakaah that one can read the Tashahhud).
Wajib (Necessary Actions) of Salah: Skipping them will forgetfully will require Sajda-Sahw to compensate and then the prayer will be valid.
- Fixing the first Rakaats of the Fardh Salah for Qira’a (recitation of the Qur’aan)
- It is Waajib to recite Suratul Fatiha in all the Rakaat of every Salah. However, in the third and fourth Rakaat of any Fardh Salah, it is Sunnah and not Waajib.
- To recite a Surah or a lengthy Aayah or three small Aayats after Suratul Fatiha in the first two Rakaats of Fardh Salah and in all the Rakaats of Waajib, Sunnah and Nafl Salah.
- To read Suratul Fatiha before any other Surah or Aayat
- To maintain order between Qir’aa, Ruku, Sajdah and Rakaats.
- Qauma (Standing up erect after Ruku).
- Jalsah (Sitting between the two Sujood).
- Ta’deelul Arkaan i.e. Performing Ruku, Sujood, etc with contentment and in a good way.
- Qaa’dah Oolaa or sitting to the extent of saying Tashahhud after two Rakaats in Salah of three or four Rakaats.
- To read Tashahhud in the two Qaa’dahs (sittings).
- To recite Qir’aa aloud in Fajr, Maghrib, Esha, Jumuah, Eidain and Taraweeh Salah in Ramadaan by the Imam. The Imam should recite Zohar and Asr Salah silently.
- To end the Salah by saying Salaam.
- To say Takbeer (Allah (SWT)u-Akbar) for Qunoot in Witr Salah and also recite Dua Al-Qunoot.
- To say six additional Takbeers in both Eid Salahs.
Sunan of Salah: Skipping them will deliberately or forgetfully will not invalidate the prayer, however the reward may be diminished.
- To raise the hands upto the EARS before saying Takbeer Tahreema.
- While raising the hands for Takbeer, keep the fingers of both the hands raised and facing the Qiblah.
- Not to bend the head when saying Takbeer.
- Saying Takbeer Tahreema and other Takbeers aloud by the Imaam according to the NEED, while going from one RUKN (posture) to the other.
- To fold the right hand around the LEFT below the Navel (for men).
- Saying Thana.
- To recite Ta’awwuz.
- To recite the complete BasmAllah (SWT).
- To recite only Suratul Fatiha in the third and fourth Rakaats of Fardh Salah.
- To say Aameen (softly).
- To recite Thana, Ta'awwuz and Aameen Softly.
- To recite as much Qir’aa as is Sunnah for every Salah, the sequence is as follows:
- a. For Fajar: From Suratul Hujarat (Chapter 49) up to Suratul Inshiqaaq (Chapter 84)
- For Dhohar, Asr and Esha: From Suratul Burroj (Chapter 85) up to Suratul Qad’r (Chapter 97)
- For Maghrib: From Suratul Bayyinah (Chapter 98) up to Suratun Naas (Chapter 114)
13. To say Tasbeeh at least three times in Ruku and Sajdah.
14. To keep the back and the head at the same level while holding the knees with fingers of both the hands while in Ruku.
15. The utterance of the Imaam “SamiAllah (SWT)u Liman Hamidah” in Qauma should be followed by “Rabbana Lakal Hamd” by Muqtadi (follower). The Munfarid (one praying alone) should say both.
16. While going into Sajdah, first place the Knees and then the hands and, lastly the Forehead on the ground.
17. In Qaa’dah or Jalsah, placing the left foot on the ground horizontally and sitting upon it while raising the right foot vertically so that toes are facing the Qiblah with both hands resting on the thighs is also Sunnah.
18. To raise the Index finger of the right hand as one says "Ashhadu Allah (SWT) Illaha" in Tashahhud.
19. To recite Salat Alan Nabi in Qaa’dah Akheerah after Tashahhud.
20. To read Dua after Salat Alan Nabi.
21. To turn the face for Salaam first towards the right and then towards the left.
Mustahab (Preferred Actions) of Salah: Skipping them will deliberately or forgetfully will not invalidate the prayer and no reward will be lost.
- To pull the Palms out of the Sleeve while saying Takbeer Tahreema.
- Saying Tasbeeh more than three times in Ruku and Sajdah by Munfarid (one praying alone).
- To keep the eyes towards the place of Sajdah in Qiyaam, at the toes in Ruku, towards the lap in Qaa’dah and Jalsah, and at the Shoulders while turning for Salaam.
- To try not to cough.
- To try and keep the mouth closed when yawning, but if it is opened, to cover it by the upper portion of the right hand in Qiyaam and by the left hand in all other postures.
Makrooh (Reprehensible Actions) of Salah: Performing them deliberately or forgetfully will not invalidate the prayer but will cause the blessings of Salah to be lost!
- Performing Salah bareheaded due to laziness or carelessness and to expose the arms above the elbows
- Playing with the clothes or the body.
- Performing Salah in clothes in which people don’t ordinarily like to go out in.
- To dust the floor with one's hands to prevent the soiling of clothes.
- Performing Salah when one has the urge to urinate or pass stool.
- To crack one's fingers or putting the fingers of one hand into the fingers of the other hand.
- Turning the face away from Qiblah and looking around.
- It is Makrroh for men to rest both the arms and wrists on the ground during Sajdah.
- Performing Salah when another person facing him sits ahead.
- Yawning intentionally and not preventing it if one can do so.
- Closing the eyes, however if it is done to concentrate in Salah then it is allowed.
- It is Makrooh for a Baaligh (mature) person to stand alone behind a Saff (row) when there is place in the Saff before him.
- Performing Salah in clothes with pictures of living objects on them.
- Performing Salah at a place where there is a picture of a living (animate) object above or on the right or left side of the Mussali (person praying) or on the place where he makes Sajdah.
- To count Aayats, Suras or Tasbeehs on fingers in Salah.
- Performing Salah with a sheet or clothes wrapped on the body in such a way that it makes it difficult to free the hands quickly.
- To yawn and stretch arms to remove laziness.
- Doing something against Sunnah in salah.
Nawaqidh (Nullifiers) of Salah: Performing them deliberately or forgetfully will break the Salah!
- To talk in Salah knowingly or unknowingly, a few words or many will nullify the Salah.
- To greet a person by Assalamu Alaikum, or by any other method while performing Salah.
- To reply to greetings or saying yarhamukAllah (SWT) to one who sneezes and saying ameen to a Dua not connected to his Salah.
- To say Inna lil lahi wa inna ilaihi raajioon on some sad news or alhamdulillah or subhanAllah (SWT) on hearing some good or strange news.
- To make noise or say "oh!" or "aah!" due to pain etc.
- Correcting the Qir’aa of a person other than his own imaam.
- To recite the Quraan by looking at the text.
- To do such an act which gives the impression to onlookers that he is doing something else rather than performing Salah. this, is called Amal Katheer.
- Eating or drinking knowingly or unknowingly.
- To turn the chest away from the Qiblah without an excuse.
- Doing Sajdah at a Najis place.
- Delay in covering the Satr (private parts) when uncovered to the extent of performing one rukn in Salah.
- Utterances in pain or trouble.
- Laughing out aloud by an adult.
- To step ahead of the Imaam during the Salah.
- Making some great error in the Qir’aa of the Holy Qur’aan.
Actions/Circumstances due to which Salah can be broken:
- When there is an urge to pass urine or stool.
- When a snake, scorpion or some other harmful creature or animal makes it's appearance.
- When one fears that a train on which one is to travel would depart and thus cause great inconvenience.
- When one fears that a thief would away with his shoes or any property.
- It is Waajib to break one's Salah in order to answer a parent or a grandparent who has called out in distress; however it is not necessary when someone is around to assist.
- It is Fardh to break one's Salah when it feared that a blind person would fall in a pit or a well if he is not stopped. It is Fardh to break one's Salah when someone has caught fire and requires assistance.
Work in progress, fonts etc need to be fixed so I will edit this post later.
Jazakullah Khairun for your patience.
Sajda Sahwa
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